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The richness of the cultivated olive germplasm is an extraordinary case among horticultural crops, due to the trees longevity and the lack of the turnover with new breeding genotypes. Algeria is a part of the Mediterranean basin, where commercial diffusion of crop products including olives and olive oil are developed. Olive tree covers more than 40,553 ha, with the country consisting of a relatively long and narrow coast...
Bioremediation of industrial effluents using marine cyanobacteria of Odisha Coast
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Disposal of large-scale industrial effluents are of great concern because the water bodies get contaminated where they are released. The normal physicochemical properties of water and soil are affected by their disposal into the environment. In this study, the potential degradation of industrial effluents from the tyre manufacturing industries, Balasore, Odisha was investigated by two marine cyanobacterial species isolated...
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Abstract The research studied the effect of phytase to diets based on full fat soyabean and groundnut meal. Phytase addition significantly reduced phytate content in diets based on 25%, 50%, and 100% soya bean meal (P
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The physiological study of genetically modified and non-modified yeasts isolates obtained as starter cultures from degrading cocoa pod husk was conducted with a view of using the yeasts in fermenting cocoa pod husk hydrolysate to bioethanol. All the isolates had an optimal growth rate at 30 – 40oC, however the genetically modified yeasts strains exhibits efficient conversion of xylose and arabinose pentose sugars tested...
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the World. This study evaluated the proximate, phytochemical and microbial composition on two local and two improved accessions of tomato. The two local accessions (BNL and EKL) were obtained from traditional agriculture system in Udo community Edo State while the improved accessions (IMPA and IMPB) were obtained from Nigerian Institute of...
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Biological control is the most current approach in sustainable agricultural system due to its potential of improving plant tolerance to pathogen and unfavourable environmental stresses. This research evaluates the biocontrol potentials of Glomus versiforme (wild and mutant) against Erysiphe flexuosa pathogen causing mildew disease in cowpea.wild strain of Glomus versiforme was subjected to random mutagenesis using UV...
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Sugarcane is a major agro-industrial crop in India. The fibre content in sugarcane is gaining importance as fuel for co-generation of electricity. Hence, the present study was proposed to genetically characterize and identify suitable clones for co-generation with high yielding, optimum sucrose per cent, erect, non-lodging and good ratooning ability characters. Genetic analysis of 10 sugarcane hybrids was carried out using...
The counteraction effect of different Cu concentration and Azospirillum inoculation on wheat plants
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Results of this investigation indicated that wheat plant was differentially response to the addition of Cu++ from 5 mM to 25 mM in the soil media according to its organs (shoot and root). While shoot organ response positively to this treatment, root response negatively.i.e. Cu++ acts as activator metal in shoot organ and acts as toxicity metal in root organ. This activation response in shoot organ was observed in the...
Biotreatment of Textile Effluent by Fungi: A Review
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Synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 and from then began the great production of synthetic organic dyes. Today in the market there are more than 100,000 commercially available dyes, with the majority of synthetic origin and many uses, among which are: the coloring and dyeing of textile materials, leather, plastic, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. The industry, after agriculture, is the productive sector that uses...
USE OF PECTIN IN FRUIT CAGAITA (EUGENIA DYSENTERICA DC.) TO EVALUATE POSTHARVEST QUALITY
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This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest conservation of cagaita fruits coated with pectin-based coating. Fruits were subjected to four treatments: control (uncoated fruit), 2, 4 and 6% (v/v) pectin coating and stored in polystyrene trays at 12°C for 30 days. The parameters analyzed were: weight loss, titratable acidity, vitamin C, soluble solids, peak strain, color and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 0, 10, 20...
Modern Diagnostic Tests for Veterinary Viral Diseases
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The diagnosis of viral diseases in animals and human is a challenge as viral infection appears in syndrome varying from acute to chronic, mild to fulminating or fatal to latent disease situation. The veterinary and medical professionals providing therapeutics get completely dependent on the diagnostic laboratories for confirmation of viral diseases. Therefore, availability of rapid, reliable and sensitive diagnostic assays...
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The effects of exposure to heavy metals under laboratory conditions were studied in the bacteria AB6 and AB4 isolated from a polluted site. 16S rRNA sequencing divulged that the AB6 and AB4 were phylogenetically related to Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis. The examined biological responses includes concentration of protein, the activity of Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GR)...
Production of bacterial biodegradable plastic by low coast agricultural waste material
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Abstract Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are polyesters that accumulate as inclusions in a wide variety of bacteria. Because of their inherent biodegradability, PHBs are considered as good candidates for production of biodegradable plastic. In the present study, we aimed to study the production of PHBs by bacterial strain isolated from divers’ sources using inexpensive substrates. Fifty bacterial strains isolated from...
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The high distribution of resistance of a wide range of microorganisms to the diverse range of antimicrobial agents is attracting a great deal of attention. Development of effective and safe drugs based on nanoprinciples are now extensively utilized to fight against pathogenic microorganism.Among the various route ,infection through cross contamination on various objects including wound dressing causes severe health risks...
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The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the ascidians associated bacteria with extracellular enzymes from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India. Totally 21 culturable heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the three species of ascidians (Polyclinum glabrum, Microcosmus exasperates and Phallusia arabica). Among them, three isolates (GA CAS11, GA CAS12 and GA CAS13) showed extracellular enzymes production. The...
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Entry of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in human pathogen Vibrio cholerae O139, O1 Ogawa and V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 serotypes under different medium at different temperatures were studied. The results revealed that V. parahaemolyticus survived well even in frozen condition for more than 110 days, whereas V. cholerae O139 and O1 Ogawa were able to survive only up to 17 and 4 days respectively at -20°C. The plate...
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF ELITE MAIZE INBRED LINES OF ZAMBIA USING SNP MARKERS
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Maize is the most important source of energy in Zambia and it is the most commonly grown crop. Over the years, the Zambian public maize breeding programme has a collection of about 800 maize inbred lines for hybrid breeding. However, these inbred lines have not been characterised. Therefore, a study was conducted on a sample of 153 inbred lines with the objective of assessing the genetic diversity and determining the...
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The Acute toxicity of cassava waste water were investigated on Clarias gariepinus using a renewable static bioassay with emphasis on comparing the bioaccumulation pattern of Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Cadmium and Lead in the head-vertebrae part and flesh. Alteration in swimming activity and feeding, respiratory disturbance, anaemic morphology, skin lesion and death were observed in the exposed fishes and these varied greatly...
BARU (Dypterix alata Vog) MESOCARP FLOUR: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL
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The Baru (Dypterix alata Vog) belongs to the Leguminosae family; it is composed of mesocarp. endocarp. and almond. The mesocarp represents 5% of the whole fruit and consists of up to 38% starch and may be used for the ethanol production since this biofuel is produced by the conversion of starch. However. for such conversion. the starch should be hydrolyzed and thus converted to sugars. This hydrolysis may occur by acidic...
Optimization of Cellulase production from Bacillus species
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Cellulose is most abundant biological component on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Being the largest component of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem conversion of this complex carbohydrate to a simpler sugar is having brighter future. The conversion of cellulose to one of the simplest form of sugar which is glucose is having bright future. Some and bacteria are capable of these conversion so in this experiment our main...
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Traditional fermented beverages occupy an important place in the diet of populations in Burkina Faso. Zoom-koom in particular remains one of the most consumed cereal-based drinks in cities like Ouagadougou. The drink zoom-koom is consumed primarily in the liquid form and to short scale in the reconstituted form called instant flour zoom-koom. Being able to diversify zoom-koom taste and aroma and to improve the nutritional...
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The proximate, minerals, antinutrient and amino acid contents of the unfermented air potato (UAP), fermented air potato (APF), fermented air potato with Pleurotus ostreatus (APP) and fermented air potato with Calocybe indica (APC) were carried out using standard methods. The biosafety of the samples was also determined using Wistar rats. APP has the highest crude fiber (11.61%) and protein content (20.44%). APF has the...
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There is lack of information on tigernut wine production especially dealing with the suitability of the yellow varieties of tigernut for wine production. This research was undertaken to investigate the suitability of producing tigernut wine from tigernut tuber. To prepare the wine, the tuber was washed and must extracted immediately after crushing, then batch fermentation of the inoculated must was carried out by...
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Lipid excipients are abundantly distributed in nature, biodegradable and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS). It enhances the absorption of lipophilic drugs and therefore, has evoked a boost in application of lipids as carrier for most lipophilic drugs. Lipid based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) have feasibility of different delivery routes including oral, parenteral, pulmonary, topical, ocular, intravaginal and...
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Maize is the second most widely grown food cereal crop cultivated in the world and consumed in various form of as part of diets of human and animals. However, its production and productivity is affected by biotic and abiotic stresses among which, soil acidity is the key factor. This field experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic variability of maize for yield and yield related traits, and determine the association...
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Antioxidant and immune modulatory activities of polysaccharides fractions isolated from Khaya grandifoliola stem bark and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta leaves were analyzed. Water-soluble total polysaccharides (TP) were extracted and precipitated in alcohol. Pectic (PF) and hemicellulosic fractions (HF) of cell walls were obtained using ammonium oxalate and potassium hydroxide. TP of K. grandifoliola and C. sanguinolenta...
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Biogas is a renewable source of energy that belongs to the category of biofuels. Anaerobic condition typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) were evaluated from feed stalk materials for biogas production under anaerobic digestion. The biogas production and methane content of fruit and vegetable wastes digestion were...
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The study of the isolation, screening and identification of a xylanase-producing fungus, purification and characterization of xylanase was undertaken in order to produce the enzyme from a cheap source, saw dust, for possible industrial use. Eight fungal strains were isolated and identified from saw-dust out of which Mucor mucedo had the maximum xylanase production and it was selected as the best xylanase-producing strain....
The nutrient composition of three indigenous fruits in Botswana
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Indigenous fruits play important roles in food security in rural and urban areas of many African countries. Of several indigenous grown in African countries, three fruits (Azanza garckeana, Grewia flava and Ximenia caffra) were selected for the study. The edible portions were analyzed for vitamin C, titratable acidity, dry matter, ash, crude protein, acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral...
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This study evaluated the haematotoxic effects of Nevirapine and the role of Kolaviron, a potent antioxidant from Garcinia kola as an adjuvant. Forty eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight groups, A-H (with 6 rats per group). Group A animals received normal saline as the control; Group B were given Nevirapine (1.54 mg/kg); Group C received Kolaviron (200 mg/kg);...
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Marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa associated with Pseudomonas fluorescens BCPBMS-1 was isolated from Madapam Coast, Tamil Nadu, India and screened for chitinase production. Chitinase was tested for its biocontrol activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Chitinase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing chitin, an insoluble polysaccharide present in the cell wall of higher fungi, insect gut walls and nematodes. Chitinase was...
Isolation of cellulase producing Aspergillus unguis UCSC324 and characterization of cellulase
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Bioengineering of cellulolytic enzymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency and thermostability is important in the commercialization processes. This study describes the isolation of efficient cellulase producing fungi and determination of the kinetic properties of the crude cellulase. Among the fungal strains isolated from cow dung, hot rice water, water used in autoclave and decaying coconut wood, the strains growing on...
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For viral sanitation strategy in Tunisia, citrus accessions from Washington navel (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) variety were investigated for regeneration throughout direct and indirect in vitro organogenesis. In this study, either floral (style/stigma and ovaries) or vegetative organs (leaves, cotyledons, epicotyls and hypocotyls) were cultured into Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture media that were supplied with five different...
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These experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of thiourea on accumulation of osmoprotectants and antioxidants in the salt stressed maize roots and callus of maize hybrids. Medium supplementation of 400 µM thiourea was applied on two maize hybrids; 33M15 and DK6789. The maize hybrid 33M15 performed better than DK6789. Fifteen days older plants and immature embryo were subjected to medium supplemented with thiourea...
Zinc biofortification of wheat as influenced by zinc fertilization
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Zinc (Zn) fertilization is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat to overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Zinc deficiency in humans caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem. Biofortification of wheat with Zn is, therefore, an important challenge and a high-priority research work. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to explore the impact of soil and foliar Zn...
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The performance of an aerobic three phase fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of surface water in the culture tanks effluent, and an anoxic-anaerobic reactor for the bottom effluent of the rearing tanks treatment is show in this study. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for intensive rainbow trout laboratory...
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Numerous studies have been conducted in rice to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with different agronomic traits. However, only a few of these studies have used interspecific mapping populations. Here, QTLs associated with tiller numbers, flowering time, plant height, and grain yield in an interspecific rice population were mapped. The population was evaluated under managed water-stressed (drought) and optimal...
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This experiment was aimed to detect garlic infecting virus for three improved garlic varieties (Bishoftu Nech, Tseday and Kuriftu) collected from different garlic production sites of Ethiopia. Garlic cloves were planted in screen house at Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub Nairobi, Kenya in 2014. Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (*RT-PCR) technique was...
In vitro propagation of the wild medicinal plant, caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
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Micropropagation of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) was done using wild leaves from Libya. High percentage (95%) of callus induction was obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.2 mg l-1 2,4-D + maltose. The effect of various concentrations (0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1) of cytokines (BAP, 6-γ-γ-[Dimethylallylamino]-purine 2ip, Kin and Zea) supplemented with MS medium was evaluated for callus...
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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain2 (NOD2) of the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) of the TLRs are major pattern-recognition receptors. They sense different microbial pathogens and play important roles in innate immunity. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that TLR4 and NOD2 act in anti-Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Herein, the cross-interaction between membrane-bound TLR4 and...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage conditions in market (ice box, glassy refrigerator, normal refrigerator without light (natural and electric power) and freezer) on alpha linolenic acid (ALA), a nutritional value of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To investigate the effect of storage duration on fatty acid quality, samples stored after 1, 3 and 5 days in refrigerator and those...
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One of the most significant challenges in biotechnology is technological utilization of self-assembled systems. Surface (S-) layer technology is advanced due to the intrinsic property of subunits to reassemble into two-dimensional arrays. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 composed of S-layer protein (SlpA) subunits which are organized into regular arrays. Herein, S-layer gene (slpA) of L. acidophilus was cloned in...
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Palynological studies in combination with conventional morphology have a significant role in solving problems relating to plant systematics. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a useful tool for palynological studies with increased accuracy and precision. The pollen size, shape and details of sculpturing of the exine are of taxonomic value. The main objective of the present study was to provide a detailed morphological...
Merzouga Sand Dunes Actinobacteria: antimicrobial potential and taxonomic diversity
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Merzouga sand dunes were among the Moroccan extreme environments. Actinobacteria from this under investigated desert habitat were isolated and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. One hundred sixty three Actinobacteria isolates were isolated from sand collected from several dunes and screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. To test the antimicrobial effect of isolates, four microorganisms known as...
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Echinops kebericho (Mesfin)isthe most important and critically endangered endemic Ethiopian medicinal plant. This plant is threatened due to over harvesting of its roots for medicinal purpose, and from seed viability and seed germination problem. The aim of this research was to build up an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for E. kebericho using shoot tip explants. Shoots excised from in vitro germinated seedlings...
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This study presents the development of phage mediated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the detection of Escherichia coli. Bacteriophage is very specific to host bacterial cell also known as parasite for bacteria. The Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) is a very sensitive device that measures a mass change per unit area by measuring the change in resonant frequency of a quartz crystal. A...
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Callogenesis is one of the tools in sugarcane tissue culture for generating agronomically significant variation. Tissue culture derived variations are known as somaclonal variation. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of MS media supplemented with 1.0 mgL-1 of NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mgL-1 of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) on somaclonal variation in in vitro...
Biodegradation of crude oil by Bacillus species isolated from different sources
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The consequences of oil pollution to the environment and human health as a result of exploration activities, transportation and usage of petroleum compounds, has become a serious challenge to environmental scientists. This study evaluates the potential of using Bacillus subtilis in biodegradation of petroleum compounds. Ten Bacillus strains from non-petroleum contaminated sites were identified on the basis of microscopy...
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During cold season in Kashmir valley, the decomposition of municipal solid waste slows down due to slowing down of microbial activity as a result, the waste gets piled up and its management becomes a greater challenge. Psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria play an important role in the degradation of protenaceous materials of the waste stream under low temperatures that produces nitrogen sources for rapid functioning of...
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This study determined the effects of temperature and time on oil extraction from indigenous freshwater microalgae: Dictyosphaerium, Chlorella, Desmodesmus and Cosmarium species, cultured in 15 2-L column photobioreactors (PBR) (three per species). Growth and specific growth rates for the mixotrophic>autotrophic cultivation of the species were determined. Oil was extracted from the dried microalgae species at temperatures...
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