Abstract

In  the  last  century,  language  researches  adopted  the  scientific  method  and  linguistics  became  an  autonomous discipline.  Linguistics is a framework concept  that  analyzes  all  languages  in  the world in  various  contexts  according  to  its own  rules  and draws  conclusions  using  the  systematic  approach.  Functional linguistics is a linguistic trend that examines language elements in terms of their functions in communication. Functional grammar aims to define the functional components and meaningful components of language. This study aims to describe a theoretical framework addressing language, linguistics, functional linguistics, and functional grammar  with  reference  to  Saussure’s  distinction  of  langue  and  parole,  opposition  concept,  A. Martinet’s functional linguistics, and R. Jakobson’s definition of language functions. While trying to find whether functional grammar can be used in native language education and to describe the framework of functional grammar, problems of language teaching were also addressed.  In this descriptive study; we  used  examples  to  explain  the  functional  linguistics  approach,  which  is  an  important  need  in language  education,  and  tried  to  create  a  theoretical  framework  .In  this  study,  it  is  concluded  that learning retention can be achieved through perception of language units and individuals can gain basic language  skills  if  they  are  given  a  language  education  that  focuses  on  the  communicative  function rather than the prescriptive function of language.

Key words: Turkish teaching, linguistics, functional linguistics, native language teaching.