Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine milk in central highlands of Ethiopia

Eyasu Tigabu; Tesfu Kassa; Daniel Asrat; Haile Alemayehu; Thomas Sinmegn; Pamela R.F. Adkins; Wondwossen Gebreyes

doi:10.5897/AJMR2015.7562

African Journal of
Microbiology Research

Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
Language: English
ISSN: 1996-0808
DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
Start Year: 2007
Published Articles: 5229

Full Length Research Paper

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine milk in central highlands of Ethiopia

Eyasu Tigabu

Eyasu Tigabu
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
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Tesfu Kassa

Tesfu Kassa
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
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Daniel Asrat

Daniel Asrat
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Black lion school of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Haile Alemayehu

Haile Alemayehu
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
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Thomas Sinmegn

Thomas Sinmegn
Central Statistical Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Pamela R.F. Adkins

Pamela R.F. Adkins
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, USA.
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Wondwossen Gebreyes

Wondwossen Gebreyes
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd. Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Article Number - 60C9EE556094
Vol.9(44), pp. 2209-2217 , November 2015
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2015.7562

Received: 28 April 2015
Accepted: 08 June 2015
Published: 07 November 2015

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is becoming an extremely serious global problem. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and milk product samples in Ethiopia and also to determine the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A total of 577 milk and milk product samples were collected from central Ethiopia and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated using the method described in FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). Resistance of S. aureus isolates to 12 antimicrobials was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. PCR detection of mecA and nuc gene was also conducted. To determine the clonal relatedness of S. aureus isolates, DNA fingerprinting of selected isolates was performed by PFGE. Of the 577 milk and milk product samples investigated, S. aureus isolates were recovered from 120 (21%) of the sample. In addition, coagulase negative Staphylococcus species were also isolated from 361/577 (63%) of the samples. The highest frequency of resistance was observed for penicillin (83%) and the lowest was noted for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (3%) and gentamicin (3%). Fourteen (14) isolates (13%) recovered from raw milk were found to be susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials while 57% of the isolates were resistant to more than one of the antimicrobials. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and none were found to be methicillin resistant S. aureus based on mecA gene carriage. PFGE analysis of 39 S. aureus isolates identified three separate clonal clusters and also several sporadic isolates. S. aureus isolates in this study were found to be resistant to multiple antimicrobials. This warrants a larger representative study to fully understand the extent of the problem and design better strategies for regulation of antimicrobial use in both the medical and veterinary sectors in central Ethiopia.