Modeling and simulation of reactors in plug flow reactor (PFR) and Packed Bed Reactor (PBR) series for the conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons
August 2022
The aim of this paper is to size the PFR reactor and to deduce the likely useful mass of the catalyst in the PBR for the production of hydrocarbons such as propane, butane and pentane from methanol via dimethyl ether (DME). The use of these reactors would require kinetic analysis, material balance, energy balance and then sizing. The interest in the chemical catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to gasoline suggests...
Environmental implications of pesticide use and application practice on beekeeping: Evidence from Gudeya Bila Woreda of East Wollega Zone in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
July 2022
The existence of honeybees within the ecosystem is crucial in worldwide agricultural production. Exposure of these insects to residues of many contaminants or poisonous materials like plant protection products (pesticides) causes death or reduces their activity. This study aims to assess the status of pesticide application, its use and possible impacts on bee communities in East Wollega Zone of Oromia Regional State,...
Vegetation dynamics in a fragile ecosystem in relation to land use: The case of the dune cordon of Namaro, southwestern Niger
July 2022
In southeast Niger, the degradation of the environment led to the reactivation of moving dunes that threatens infrastructure, fields, and river with silting. To stabilize the dune cordon of Namaro, which is heavily cultivated and grazed, anti-erosion devices: living hedges and grassland has been developed. The objectives of this work are then to characterize the impact of grassland and hedges on floristic diversity and...
Diet study of Nannothrissa stewarti (Poll & Roberts, 1976) Clupeidae in Lake Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of Congo
June 2022
In order to determine the diet of Nannothrissa stewarti in Lake Mai Ndombe, 667 specimens with total length between 9.0 and 49.84 mm were studied. These fish were sampled by active fishing during the 24 h cycle between September 2018 and October 2021. The vacuity (%) and intestinal coefficients were 38.71% and 0.69 ± 0.03, respectively, classifying N. stewarti as invertivorous. The calculated feeding indices...
Towards a sustainable electronic waste management in Uganda: A stakeholder perspective
June 2022
The management of electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) requires a collaborative approach against unsustainable electronic waste management. This paper attempts to assess the role of E-waste actors in regard to E-waste management sustainability by evaluating their course of action. It proposes an E-waste management conceptual framework based on key stakeholders and validates it with 346 top government employees in...
Recycling Mwea irrigation water for sustainable agriculture
June 2022
Declining quantity and quality of irrigation water coupled with increasing water demand are serious challenges facing paddy rice production in the world. Reuse of agricultural waste water is increasingly popular in paddy systems but few studies have been done with regards to its quality and effects on soil productivity and environmental risks. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of effluents from the...
Effects of climate variability on local communities living in and around Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
June 2022
This paper explores the effects of climate variability on local communities living within and around Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP), their coping mechanisms, and challenges encountered. Data was collected from 250 respondents through questionnaires administered to small holder farmers, salt miners, and fisher folks, as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) held with selected households in...
Effect of a modified lifetime model on e-waste generation in Nigeria under defined reuse options
June 2022
Reliable data on e-waste generation is important for environmentally sound management systems. This study models e-waste generation from existing data on electrical electronics imports, consumption and e-waste generation from Nigerian households. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on Electrical Electronic Equipment (EEE) use, reuse, and disposal from households in Nigeria households. Data from...
A comparative analysis of MODIS-derived drought indices for Northern and Central Namibia
May 2022
Namibia is a semi-arid country with erratic and unpredictable rainfall. Extreme weather patterns, such as floods and extensive droughts, have become more common in recent years, with strong impact on surface and ground water availability, rangeland and agricultural productivity, food security, and further land degradation, such as bush encroachment or soil erosion. The previous 10 years were characterized by a perennial...
Impact of environmental features on the distribution of Marcusenius species (Pisces, Mormyridae) in Malebo Pool of Kinshasa in the Congo River
May 2022
The current anarchic exploitation of Marcusenius fish in the Malebo Pool located in the Congo River stands as a threat of extinction to certain species, while the ecology of most of them are hardly known. This study aims at evaluating the impact of environmental factors on the distribution of Marcusenius fish caught in six fishing stations in the Malebo Pool. Canonical correspondence analysis of environmental factors...
Effects of water level on plant characteristics in a restored wetland and referenced natural wetland in Wakiso, Uganda
May 2022
Wetland restoration success is dependent on the likeness of both structure and function of the restored wetland systems comparable to reference sites. Assessing the success of restoration is reliant on the monitoring and evaluation of the restored system overtime as was done with Nakyesanja, a restored wetland, and Kiryagonja, a referenced natural wetland in Wakiso District, Uganda. The objectives of this study were to...
Potential of biochar for clean-up of heavy metal contaminated soil and water
April 2022
Heavy metals exist in the environment naturally aside those due to anthropogenic impact. These metals are removed from effluents and water using different techniques like adsorption, oxidation/reduction, chemical precipitation, membrane separation, filtration and ion exchange. Biosorption is very effective because it is highly renewed naturally, is cheap, and can remove metals greatly because the pollutant can be...
The effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera seed coagulant in reducing the turbidity and modifying the physico-chemical characteristics of water
April 2022
Moringa oleifera plant is unique due to its coagulation effect on turbid water. However, the extent to which the seed’s powder coagulant changes the physico-chemical characteristics of treated water has not been discussed in previous studies. In addition, there are limited data and information on the optimum concentration of M. oleifera seed powder coagulant and the nature of the sludge that forms after the...
Assessing the role of community members in waste disposal in Lilongwe - Capital City of Malawi
March 2022
The study assessed the roles of community members on community level waste disposal in the city of Lilongwe in Malawi. The communities are basically low income and densely populated where a lot of people depend on small scale businesses. The study used a mixed methods approach. The target population was the community members of eighteen years of age and above. The sample size was 40 and the participants were selected...
Trace metal contamination of groundwater and human health risk in Katuba and Kenya municipalities of Lubumbashi city, Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo
March 2022
Trace metal contamination of groundwater was assessed in Katuba and Kenya municipalities of Lubumbashi city in 2016 and 2017 to determine whether water was suitable or unsuitable for human consumption. Two hundred and four groundwater samples collected from twenty spade-sunk and four drilled wells in both municipalities were analyzed for their trace metal contents using a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass...
Chemical characterization of Kenyan Cupressus lusitanica Mill., Ocimum americanum L. and Lippia Javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng essential oils
February 2022
The study was designed to chemically characterize essential oils from Kenyan Cupressus lusitanica, Ocimum americanum and Lippia javanica and bio-prospect for new compounds as possible biocontrol agents of insect pests. Leaf essential oils of the three test plants were obtained by hydro-distillation. GC-MS analysis of leaf oils revealed that monoterpenes were the major group of chemical constituents in all plants. In C....
Adoption of climate change friendly New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties among farmers in Mwea West Sub-county, Kenya
February 2022
Climate change and inefficient water utilization have led to marked fluctuations of the mean rice crop production in sub-Sahara Africa. In order to improve food security and households’ income, adaptation strategies to climate change such as the adoption of new rice varieties are inevitable. This study examined the farmers’ perception and adoption of climate change friendly New Rice for Africa in Mwea West...
Optimizing community participation in the management of Yala Wetland Ecosystem, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: The Yala Hub Framework
January 2022
Wetlands are particularly important environmental assets whose sustainability requires meaningful participation of the riparian communities in their management. Yala Wetland is an important resource whose key challenges involve land and water resource use for competing interests which prompted Siaya and Busia County regional Governments to initiate preparation, a Land Use Plan (LUP)/Strategic Environmental Assessment...
Variability of the magnetospheric electric field due to high-speed solar wind convection from 1964 to 2009
January 2022
Focusing on the classification of solar winds into three types of flux: (1) slow winds, (2) fluctuating winds, and (3) high speed-solar winds HSSW (V ≥ 450 km/s on average day), the influence of the convection electric field (EM) via the flow of HSSWs during storms in the internal magnetosphere and on the stability of magnetospheric plasma at high latitudes was investigated. The study involved 1964-2009 period, which...
Isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of methylene blue adsorption on chitosan flakes derived from African giant snail shell
January 2022
In the present study, modeling of 19 adsorption isotherms, 8 kinetic models and thermodynamics of methylene blue (MB) adsorption on chitosan flakes synthesized using Archachatina marginata shell wastes was investigated in a batch mode. The operational parameters’ effects on the MB adsorption were studied. The model parameters were statistically analyzed using 10 error functions. The choices of the best fitted...
The environmental impact of landfill fires and their contaminant plumes at the Chunga landfill site, Lusaka, Zambia
December 2021
The management of solid waste is recognised as a challenging activity with respect to the environment, particularly within rapidly growing urban centres in Lower Income Countries. This paper examines the issue of landfill-waste-generated fires and resultant pollution plumes sourced within the Chunga Landfill Site, Lusaka, Zambia. The authors present the results of a geospatial analysis research programme to map and...
Uroclhoa mosambincensis: A potential native phytoremediator for soils contaminated with arsenic
December 2021
Industrial development has caused the contamination of the environment, leading to biodiversity loss and human health concerns. The use of native plants and/or their associated microbiota is a sustainable solution for reducing or transforming contaminants into less harmful forms. This study was conducted to evaluate the remedial potential of Uroclhoa mosambincensis in soils contaminated with arsenic. In a greenhouse...
Characterizing groundwater vulnerability in developing urban settings using DRASTIC-LuPa approach: A case study of Aba City, Nigeria
December 2021
The impact of certain unregulated land-use activities harms the quality of water resources and reduces the sufficiency of drinking water in many developing countries. This study aimed to capture the impact of such activities and evaluate the specific groundwater vulnerability using a modified DRASTIC approach. The DRASTIC-LuPa was proposed and implemented for Aba City, Nigeria by incorporating land-use and the...
Phenology and mechanisms of the early upwelling formation in the southern coast of Senegal
December 2021
Mechanisms of the interannual variability of upwelling onset dates on the Petite-Cote of Senegal are investigated using daily NEMO model data outputs and NOAA ocean surface temperature observations (OISST). We first determined the phenology (onset dates, end dates, duration and occupied area of the upwelling) over the Petite-Côte located in south of the Senegalese coast. Our results show that upwelling in the...
An analytical assessment of climate change trends and their impacts on hydropower in Sondu Miriu River Basin, Kenya
December 2021
Hydropower is cost effective environment friendly and worldwide proven sustainable energy source. Driven by streamflow stream flows, it is vulnerable to climate change and land use change. The hydropower production from the two-existing run-of-river hydropower projects on the Sondu Miriu River are vulnerable to rainfall variability and requires proper understanding of the climate change trends and policies to support...
Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use on the expansion of coffee agroforestry systems in Cameroon’s production basins
November 2021
Diachronic analysis of satellite images was used to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover change in the coffee production basins of Cameroon, located in the forest agro-ecological zones (Moungo and Haut-Nyong) and the highland humid savannah (Noun). A survey of farmers was carried out to identify land use and changes in the area of coffee agroforests over time. While the period 1980 to 2001 was...
Improving future temperature projections with bias correction methods in Lake of Guiers/Senegal
November 2021
Climate models are generally used to evaluate the climate change impacts. However, they have important biases at the regional or local scales. This study evaluates the future temperature projections in Lake of Guiers/Senegal. For this, the daily maximum and minimum temperature from the ensemble mean of five (5) Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) regional climate models (RCMs) under the...
Analysis of the deposit conditions of sedimentary series of fluvio-lacustrine and aeolian origin in the Djourab desert, in Northern Chad
November 2021
The detailed sedimentary study of the deposit sequences of the ancient hominid sector (SahelanthropustchadensisalisToumaï) of Toros-Menalla, presented here addresses new aspects of the sedimentary geology of the Chad Basin through an original field study of Moi-sediments: Pliocene of the northern basin of CHAD. This is an original contribution that sheds light on new knowledge of sedimentary series of...
Use of effective microorganisms to enhance cost-effective biogas purification at the household level
November 2021
This study investigated the use of effective microorganisms (EM) to enhance cost-effective biogas purification at household-level application. It involved experimental setups for biogas purification in two different runs: 4 L activated EM and 1 L dormant EM by bubbling biogas through EM purification units. Biogas composition was analyzed using an industry-standard biogas analyzer. The results indicated that EM has the...
Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Mango fruits grown in Kasese district, Uganda
October 2021
Fruits are a good source of carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals. In this study, mango fruits grown in Kasese as well as the soil and irrigation water used in fruit growing were analysed for heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). The mango fruits and soil samples were obtained from three sites; Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council (MLTC) and...
Analysis of the influence of precipitation patterns on wetland sizes in South-Eastern Zimbabwe
October 2021
In this paper, the hypothesis that rainfall variability has an impact on wetland loss is tested. There is limited research in Zimbabwe that recognises the influence of rainfall variability on wetland loss. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of rainfall variability on wetland size over time. Topographical maps, for the period 1972 to 2008, provided data on wetland locations and their changes in...
Application of renewable technology for mitigating environmental hazards of palm oil industry: Strategy for climate change and adaptation
October 2021
Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilization of the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on...
Assessing and plugging the missing links for effective community participation in the Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Plan of Yala Wetland, Kenya
October 2021
Wetlands are one of the world’s most important environmental assets but currently face complex challenges. Wetlands’ long-term sustainability require participation of the riparian communities in their management, yet this involvement in seeking solutions to wetland’s resources use remains a grave challenge. Yala Wetland, Kenya is a very important resource whose challenges revolve around land and water...
Spatio-temporal distribution of Naididae tubificids species and bio-evaluation of the quality of some surface water bodies of Yaoundé, Cameroon
October 2021
Despite their great interest for the integrated management of water resources, information on the ecology of aquatic oligochaetes is still sketchy in Cameroon. The present study aims at contributing to the knowledge on the distribution, microhabitat and life history of Naididae tubificids taxa in some eight water bodies of the city of Yaoundé. A total of 132 samples were analysed and the morphospecies Branchiura...
Food waste produced lactic acid for pathogen inactivation, urea stabilization and odor control in feces
October 2021
Source separated human feces can be used as a valuable source of nutrients if it is properly sanitized and its nutrient is conserved. In this study, the efficiency of fresh cabbage waste produced lactic acid treatment of human feces as a pretreatment to evaluate the sanitizing effect, urea stabilizing, and odor removal was investigated for 33 days. Four reactors were used for the treatment process containing different...
Evaluating the rate of total electron content (TEC) production in ionosphere F2-layer to highlight winter anomaly by running thermosphere-Ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model
September 2021
The study deals with determining ionosphere parameter at low latitudes during the maximum of solar cycle 22 on quiet days. It uses Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) to carry out Total Electron Content (TEC) parameter in the ionosphere region. TEC time variability on summer and winter highlights a seasonal anomaly, a phenomenon observed since 1965 and which appears while...
Characterization of healthcare waste in Tanzanian zonal referral hospitals as a key factor for energy recovery
September 2021
In this study, healthcare waste (HCW) generated in four referral hospitals in Tanzania namely: Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Bugando Medical Center (BMC) and Tumbi Regional Referral Hospital (TRRH) was characterized to establish its feasibility for energy recovery. The HCW collected and loaded into the incinerators was weighed and its composition determined (as highly...
Physicochemical and metal quality evaluation of the ground water of the chief town of Sinthiou Maléme Commune in Tambacounda (Senegal)
September 2021
In underdeveloped countries, particularly, medium rural areas, the subsoil waters constitute an invaluable resource. However, they remain fragile and vulnerable because of demographic pressure, uncontrolled exploitation of discharges, and absence of adequate cleansing system and husbandries. This present work aims to evaluate the physicochemical and metal quality waters of 10 wells collecting the ground water of...
Community views on water demands under a changing climate: The case of River Mpanga Water Catchment, Western Uganda
September 2021
Different sectors globally are experiencing the impacts of changing climate and water resources are among them. This study was conducted with an aim of examining the community views regarding the effect of changing climate on water demand over the River Mpanga Water Catchment. The study employed a cross-sectional survey using 111 household interviews; 14 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 27 key informants interviews...
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon by Enterobacter sp IAA-01 isolated from hydrocarbon exploration site soil of Kukawa Northeastern Nigeria
September 2021
The accidental release of diesel and other hydrocarbon to the environment lead to the pollution of the environment. The search for an environmentally friendly technique for the remediation of such polluted environment is not to be overemphasis. Microorganisms are used in the bioremediation of polluted environments. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from the hydrocarbon exploration site soil of Kukawa...
Briquette production from sugar cane bagasse and its potential as clean source of energy
August 2021
Large quantities of bagasse are regularly accumulated on open spaces around sugar factory thereby endangering fragile ecosystem. The sugar cane bagasse carbonization process can be put into effect as an environmentally friendly, energy self-providing continuous flow technology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use bagasse for the production of high caloric value briquette to safeguard the environment from...
Assessment of open defecation in Kwahu Afram Plains South District, Ghana
August 2021
This study examined the barriers to open defecation (OD) free in Kwahu Afram Plains South District, Ghana. A combination of diverse tools was used to collect the data (in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and observation), different means was adopted in selecting the participants. Much of the time in the early stages of the field work was spent having interactions with various groups within the community....
Remote sensing applications in buildings’ information system (BIS) for the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus
August 2021
The creation of an information system for various facilities is crucial as it is a vital instrument for effective urban management, especially in the areas of monitoring the state of such facilities to ensure adequate maintenance, ease of access, etc. This paper focuses on how remote sensing and other modern techniques can aid in developing a buildings’ information system (BIS) for the University of Nigeria Enugu...
Behavior of major ions and heavy metals risk assessment in spring and surface water on the southwest slope of Mount Cameroon (Western Africa)
August 2021
The coastal flanks of Mt Etinde is wedged between the sea and the southwestern slope of Mt Cameroon. The only fresh water resources available for multipurpose uses in this area are mountain springs and streams that drain volcanic materials. To access the sources, processes and assess the ecological risk associated with hydrochemicals and heavy metals in these mountain water resources, 18 water samples were collected in...
Physicochemical Assessment of a Hand-dug Well and the Kamakubuna Stream in the Sella Limba Chiefdom, Kamakwie, Northern, Sierra Leone
August 2021
This research accesses the physical and chemical parameters of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) hand dug well and the Kamakubuna Stream in the Sella Limba Chiefdom, Kamakwie Town. The physical parameters such as total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity; and the chemical parameters such as residual chlorine, ammonium, ammonia, bromine, copper, fluoride, iron,...
The study of land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and the perception of local people in Aykoleba, Northern Ethiopia
July 2021
It is believed that since the advent of agriculture, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have happened. However, rates, extents and intensities of LULC changes have become more aggravated at all levels. The current study aims to examine the dynamics and perceptions of LULC change in the last four decades (1973-2013) in Aykoleba, Ethiopia using a combination of remote sensing data and the ground truth data. Focus...
Effect of spilled engine oil on soil quality indicators and physiological performance of maize, cowpea and sorghum
July 2021
Soil contamination through oil spillage accumulates in the soil and affect plant growth. The study was conducted to examine the effect of spilled engine oil on soil nutrients and germination of seed in the in the Central region of Ghana. Ten samples were collected randomly from selected mechanic and fitting sites in the Elmina municipality. A randomized complete block design using three test crops was used to evaluate...
Groundwater resources for domestic and irrigation purposes in Melong (Littoral Region, Cameroon): Hydrogeochemical constraints
July 2021
Groundwater is a valuable natural resource whose quality is threatened by natural and man-made pollutants. This study aims to perform a hydrochemical characterization of groundwater resources used for domestic and irrigational activities in Melong (Littoral Cameroon). Thus, 26 subsurface water samples were collected in the dry season (six sampling points) and rainy season (seven sampling points) of the years 2019 and...
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated to Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in soils of Sikasso region (Mali)
June 2021
In Mali, studies on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) characterization and diversity are still few, despite the important roles played by these microorganisms in plant growth and in degraded soils restoration. Sorghum is one of the staple food grains in Mali and as such plays a key role in food security in Mali. This study aims to determine diversity of AMF strains associated to sorghum in Sikasso region soils in Mali....
Occupational health impacts of climate change across different climate zones and elevations in sub-Saharan East Africa
June 2021
Climate change will cause Sub-Saharan tropical countries to experience a disproportionate increase in the number of extremely hot days when compared to Western countries with more temperate climates. We use the High Occupational Temperature Health and Productivity Suppression (HOTHAPS) model to estimate the potential impact of rising temperatures on worker productivity in different climate regions within Ethiopia,...
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