Waves-waves collide induced by different wind directions caused high exchanged in the water level at the open area Shallow Lake, China
February 2019
Wind from different directions induce waves-waves to collid at the central zone of Taihu Lake. It causes exchange in water bodies and release of internal nutrients which increases algal bloom. This study aims to analyz the impact of the interactions between waves-waves collision from different directions and different sources such as traveling ships and explored factors, causing sediment resuspension. The results were...
Conditions of available sources of water for domestic use in selected communities in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
February 2019
The challenges of high quality water for domestic use and particularly for potability must be overcome in its entire ramification for health and ecological environment. The aim of this study is to identify the conditions of domestic water sources in Ado-Ekiti. One water sample was drawn from the two different sources of water, that is, shallow well and Ureje River at Ureje, and two samples from one water source, that...
Modelling and simulation of atmospheric conditions impact on photovoltaic production in Saint Louis area
February 2019
In this study, we worked on the modelling and the simulation of atmospheric conditions impact on photovoltaic production in Saint Louis area. Using Ineichen's model based on the disorder factor of Link, an assessment of sunshine in the study area was made. A characterization of the irradiation is elaborated by modelling the radiation and by simulating outputs of a photovoltaic power plant. We can estimate aerosols...
Water quality problems, related challenges and their impacts on Ethiopian fishery
February 2019
The purpose of this review article is to explore the drivers of the water quality problems and associated impacts and mitigation schemes of the fishes and fisheries in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from both published and unpublished online documents as well as from different Ethiopian universities and institutions. The country has the potential to produce more fish yield (94, 500 ton/year. The published and unpublished...
Understanding nexuses between precipitation changes and climate change and variability in semi-arid lowlands of Mwanga District, Tanzania
January 2019
Contextually, precipitation fluctuated due to climate variability and evolved due to emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and land-use changes since the industrial revolution in the 1880s. However, some studies problematize that there is little understanding of nexuses between precipitation changes and climate change and variability in tropical Africa. Therefore, this paper sought to assess such linkages in...
Exploratory study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contributions to household air pollution arising from improved cookstove use in rural Malawi
January 2019
Around three million premature deaths annually are ascribed to household air pollution (HAP) arising from inefficient burning of biomass and emissions of products of incomplete combustion. The developing-world response has been widespread adoption of improved cookstove (ICS) technologies. This exploratory study evaluates variation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) attached to inhalable particulate matter (PM) in...
Sustainability of Chiredzi town water supply and wastewater management in Zimbabwe
January 2019
Urban water supply and sewage coverage in Zimbabwe is currently estimated at 78 and 73%, respectively with unserved population relying on boreholes and pit latrines. However, no study has been conducted to assess how small towns, such as Chiredzi, are sustaining their systems despite limited funding from the Government. A study was carried out to assess the sustainability of Chiredzi town water supply and wastewater...
An assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbon and trace metal concentration in the sediments of Ugbo water way, South western Nigeria
January 2019
Sediment samples from Ugbo water way, South Western Nigeria were assessed for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and trace metal concentrations. Seven sampling stations were selected and one control station. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in the sediment samples was determined using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) while trace metal concentrations were determined with Atomic Absorption...
Biodegradation of pyrene by a mixed culture isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted soil
January 2019
This paper presents the biodegradation of pyrene (C16H10), a four-benzene-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) using a mixed culture of bacteria. The mixed culture was enriched from hydrocarbon-polluted soil sample, using a plate incubated with a thin film of pyrene. The isolates were identified biochemically as Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter aerogenes. The mixed culture bacteria degraded approximately 90% of...
Study by numerical simulation of a PN solar cell in 3C-SiC / Si
December 2018
The optimization of the solar cell includes the study of the influence of parameters such as cell thickness, doping levels and profiles, contact configuration and optical confinement on the output to obtain a structure leading to the best performance. The optimal parameters depend on the structure of the solar cell, the quality of the substrate material (lifetime, mobility), the quality of the ohmic contacts, the speed...
Study of the reactivity of Casamance vegetable and agricultural waste char gasification with steam and CO2
December 2018
The increasing energy demand coupled with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the threat of exhaustion of oil reserves make us consider a possible recourse to the use of biomass waste as a source of renewable energy. Nowadays, gasification is not yet economically and operationally attractive for the power industry and more research is needed to facilitate the process and improve the desirability of the...
Valorization of water resources in Senegal for economic, social and sustainable development
December 2018
Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. The bulk of surface water reserves are located in the basin's rivers Senegal and Gambia, whose waters originate from the Fouta Djallon massif. Alongside these large rivers, there are smaller rivers (Casamance and Kayanga) and small watersheds with temporary flows. Groundwater resources are also an important part of Senegal's...
Comparative experimental study of performance degradation of amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon in outdoor exposed in Cologne
December 2018
The photovoltaic (PV) lifetime and the return-on-investment for local PV system installation rely on long-term device performance. Understanding the efficient degradation behavior under a given set of environmental conditions is, therefore, a primary goal for experimental research and economic analysis. The modules were characterized with measurement of their I-V features under similar outdoor condition. Moreover,...
Modeling ensemble streamflow: Application to the Senegal River upper the Manantali Dam
December 2018
This study presents an ensemble stream flow simulation with probability of occurrence accounting for errors of the GR4J turned to the Senegal River upper the Manantali dam. Through this approach, probability is associated to simulation at each time, with step and reliability of issues depending on probability scores. Results including the reliability of the results permit decision-makers to judge the reliability of...
Physicochemical and mechanical properties of biomass coal briquettes produced by artisanal method
December 2018
In this study, carbonized peanut shells, cashew shells and millet stalks were used as raw materials to produce coal briquettes. Clay and arabic gum were applied as binders during briquetting by use of manual press. Physicochemical and mechanical tests of the obtained briquettes were conducted. The results show that the lower heating values of coal briquettes remain higher to that of wood; however, their ash contents are...
Assessment of satellite rainfall products for stream flow simulation in Gambia watershed
December 2018
Satellite rainfall estimates (SRE) with high spatial and temporal resolution and large areal coverage provide a potential alternative source to force hydrological models within regions where ground-based measurements are not readily available. The Gambia Basin in West Africa provides a good example of a case where the use of satellite precipitation estimates could be beneficial. This study aims to compare three SRE over...
Variability and predictability of bush fire in Guinea on inter-annual and multi-year timescales based on NDVI-MODIS datasets analysis
December 2018
This study investigates the variability and the predictability of bush fire on inter-annual and multi-year timescales in Guinea (latitudes 7° 05 and 12° 51 N and longitudes 7° 30 and 15° 10 W). Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with a spatial resolution of 231 m × 231 m and 16 days composite temporal resolution between 2001 and 2016, two brush fire hazard indices are...
Module parameter extraction and simulation with LTSpice software model in sub-Saharan outdoor conditions
December 2018
In this work, a hybrid algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt and empiric analytic method is proposed to solve the recurring convergence problem that occurs during the module parameters extraction with the iterative method. The proposed method aims to avoid divergence and a long computation time due to the improper initial value. Elsewhere, LTSpice photovoltaic cell model is developed to simulate the extracted parameters in...
A numerical modeling study of the Southern Senegal upwelling shelf: Circulation and upwelling source waters
December 2018
The regional ocean circulation along the Southern Senegal shelf is studied using a numerical model for varying forcing fields during the upwelling season (November-May). The main objective is to study the shelf circulation of the marine environment in the Southern Senegal Upwelling Shelf (SSUS), the Lagrangian pathways by which waters are transported to the surface in the upwelling tongue and the fate of these waters....
Stakeholders’ perceptions on key drivers for and barriers to household e-waste management in Accra, Ghana
November 2018
Safe management of e-waste has become a major problem for many countries particularly developing countries. This is because e-waste management in an environmentally sound manner (ESM) is affected by many factors in most African countries. To address this emerging urban waste problem, city authorities are devising management strategies that would be acceptable to key stakeholders. This paper evaluates perceived drivers...
Water quality assessment of various sources in Peri-urban areas of Malawi: A case of Bangwe township in Blantyre
November 2018
Water supports life at microscopic and macroscopic levels. Good quality water is essential to economic and social growth of a community and a nation at large. Bangwe township in Blantyre is one of the closest townships to the city and provides a reliable workforce and supply of consumables to the city. Due to its overcrowding, there are a lot of issues to do with illnesses that arise from contamination of portable...
The role of an environmental engineer in preventing and reducing environmental stress
November 2018
Environmental engineer is concerned with the protection and prevention of the environment and develops the solution to environmental problem. Environmental engineer ensures work place hazards and environmental health and safety related policies and procedure are communicated to employer and employees, ensures the availability of medical surveillance programme in assisting employer and employees in the course of...
Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater among different farm sizes in Ainabkoi sub-county, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
November 2018
Access to quality drinking water is of major concern for sustainable development in developing countries with regard to physico-chemical properties. Groundwater from shallow wells is the main source of domestic water supply for the community of Ainabkoi Sub-County of Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. Seasonal agricultural production activities expose the water to possible pollution. In this regard the study aimed to assess...
Environmental governance and employment effects: An empirical research based on mediating effect model
November 2018
In recent years, the problem of large-scale production suspension of domestic enterprises and unemployment of laborers brought about by environmental governance is becoming increasingly serious. How to reduce the negative externalities of environmental governance has become an urgent practical problem that needs to be solved. Based on the Cobb-Douglas production function model, this paper introduced the mediating effect...
Effects of Changes in Use of Indigenous Knowledge Systems on Land Cover in Teso Busia County, Kenya
October 2018
This paper introduces indigenous land knowledge conservation systems as a significant resource which would contribute to the increased efficiency and effectiveness in the management of land and land based resources among rural communities. Despite their critical role in the conservation of the land based resources, these knowledge systems and technologies are being marginalized or even forgotten among rural communities....
Phytoplankton species diversity and biomass and its impact on the sustainable management of Lake Bosomtwe in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
October 2018
Lake Bosomtwe is a closed, stratified, natural freshwater body located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Recently residents along the Lake shore complain of foul smells emanating from the Lake and also there have been occasional fish deaths there. This led to the study of the composition of phytoplankton community dominating the lake. Sampling was done during the rainy and dry seasons. Samples were collected from twelve...
Use of integrated pollution indices in assessing heavy metals pollution in soils of three auto mechanic villages in Abuja
October 2018
This research work targeted at the use of integrated pollution indices models of Pollution Index (PI), Average of Pollution Index (PIAvg), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Nemerow Pollution Index (NIPINemerow) in assessing heavy metals pollution in soils of three auto mechanic villages of Abuja. Soil samples were randomly collected with a stainless hand auger to a depth range of 0 to 15 cm and were analyzed with atomic...
Performance enhancement of Nalgonda technique and pilot testing electrolytic defluoridation system for removing fluoride from drinking water in East Africa
October 2018
High fluoride concentrations in groundwater pose a health risk to people living in the Rift valley of Ethiopia and beyond. The Nalgonda and electrolytic defluoridation (EDF) fluoride treatment systems were developed and adapted in India for fluoride removal. A recent study evaluated twenty Nalgonda techniques that were implemented in the Rift valley of Ethiopia. A number of these systems were found to be non-functional...
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of biosorption of zinc ions from industrial wastewater using derived composite biosorbents from walnut shell
September 2018
The biosorption process of Zn (II) ions in industrial wastewater was investigated using derived composite biosorbents from walnut and snail shells. Composite adsorbents were produced by activating walnut shell carbon (WSC) with phosphoric acid to obtain acid-treated walnut shell carbon (AWSC) and WSC and AWSC were independently impregnated on chitosan to produce walnut shell carbon impregnated on chitosan (WSCC) and...
The impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania: The case of Manyoni District in Singida Region
September 2018
This paper focuses on the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems in Manyoni district, Tanzania. This paper used mixed research design with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The research used different methods in collecting information concerning the impacts of...
Seasonal variation of heavy metal speciation in soil and stream sediments from hospital waste dumpsite in Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria
September 2018
A speciation study of selected heavy metals in soil and stream sediments around a hospital waste dumpsite was investigated. Sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the metals into 4 fractions: Exchangeable and bound to carbonate, oxyhydroxide of Fe and Mn, organic matter and the residual fraction. Speciation analysis of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in soil revealed that a major portion of the metals were...
Healthcare waste management practices and risk perception of healthcare workers in private healthcare facilities in an urban community in Nigeria
September 2018
Medical waste, despite the relatively small amounts in which it is generated, is a major concern for healthcare professionals and the government mainly because it poses risks to humans and the environment. Previous studies have shown that there is poor management of medical waste in developing nations, and Nigeria is not an exception. Some have surveyed the associated risks but few have studied the risk perceptions...
Analysis of spatial variability in rainfall trends in Baringo County, Kenya
September 2018
This study assessed actual rainfall trends and variability in Baringo County. The objective of the study was to determine whether there were variations in rainfall trends by agro ecological zones. Meteorological rainfall data for the period 1981 to 2010 from three distinct agro-ecological zones covering highland (LH 2), low land (IL 6) and midland (LM 5) was used. The choice of rainfall stations was informed by...
Optimization of bio gas production from slaughterhouse wastes
August 2018
This study focuses on the production of biogas from slaughter house waste to generate optimal methane yield which has high calorific value under optimum temperature, pH and substrate proportion (blood, manure and undigested food material). In this study, two different kinds of experiment were done. The first experiment was carried out to determine the pH, total solid, volatile solid and ash content of each type of waste...
Management status and perception of post quarried sites in Ndarugu Kiambu, Kenya
August 2018
In recent times, rapid changes in buildings and infrastructural development have increased demand for construction materials. Ndarugu quarries located about 35 km north of Nairobi CBD are among the main sources of building materials in Kenya. The visible evidence of stone mining are the post-quarried sites scarred along the Ndarugu ridge, which has altered the original land condition and continues to affect people who...
Outlier based selection and accuracy updating of digital elevation models for urban area projects
August 2018
Continuing degradation of urban environments of developing economies results from failure to make decisions based on scientific methods that employ accurate digital elevation models (DEM) in modelling environmental phenomena such as flooding and erosion. Data dumping and wastage occur if fresh DEM are required for every new project ignoring existing data. Every DEM to be used for modelling may be accepted as is, updated...
Perception and mitigation preferences on climate change among residents of Nairobi City County
July 2018
As result of compounding factors related to environmental, social, economic and political pressures, it is feared that the impacts of climate change and variability may overwhelm resilience of urban systems in developing countries if adaptation and mitigation strategies are not strengthened. Understanding how the urban residents perceive and respond to climate change is necessary for the purpose of formulating informed...
Influence of land use practices on water physicochemical parameters and nutrients loading along the Mara River of East Africa
July 2018
Mara River originates from the Mau Forest and traverses through landscapes with varying activities. Over the years, Mara River Basin has witnessed population increase, accompanied with conversion of forestlands into agricultural farms, human settlements, industrial and tourist activities and development of urban centres. Land uses along riverine areas have influence on water quality and may affect health of surrounding...
Influence of anthropogenic activities and seasons on heavy metals in spring water along Amala and Nyangores tributaries of the Mara River Basin
July 2018
Anthropogenic activities, including replacing natural forests with human settlements and increased agricultural activities have environmental impacts. The activities can contaminate aquatic ecosystems including spring waters that are sources of major rivers like the Amala and Nyangores, tributaries of Mara River in Mau Complex. In the complex, forestlands have been converted to human settlements and agricultural lands....
Bacterial community changes during composting of municipal crop waste using low technology methods as revealed by 16S rRNA
June 2018
Bacterial communities are actively involved in composting process but the environment within the compost influences their diversity, abundance and succession. In this study, the authors investigated the bacterial communities in tropical crop waste compost using pyrosequencing. Municipal crop wastes from the tropics (Uganda) were composted under four different low-technology methods. Samples were collected from the early...
Assessment of water quality in the lower Nyong estuary (Cameroon, Atlantic Coast) from environmental variables and phytoplankton communities’ composition
June 2018
The aim of this study was to provide a first-hand water quality assessment of the River Nyong estuary, Southern Atlantic coast of Cameroon. Environmental variables and phytoplankton communities were monitored at four surface stations in the estuary for 2 season cycles from 2014 to 2015. A total of 208 species of phytoplankton, belonging to five (5) groups of microalgae, were identified. The Shannon-Weaver diversity...
Heavy metals pollution index of surface water from Commodore channel, Lagos, Nigeria
June 2018
Surface water pollution poses a major risk to all biotic entities dependent on the water body. This study assessed the surface water quality of commodore channel, Lagos lagoon with respect to its heavy metals pollution level using indexing approach to determine the sources of heavy metal and its associated pollution risk. Samples were collected at a depth of 10-15 cm within a distance of 4 km from the shore line. Metal...
Determination of cadmium, chromium and lead in four brands of herbal bitters preparation sold in Benin- city, Southern Nigeria
May 2018
This study evaluated the level of three toxic heavy metals (cadmium, chromium and lead) in four selected brands of herbal bitter preparations sold in Benin City, Southern Nigeria purchased from chemists' shops, using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. The result of the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis showed that Chromium (Cr) was not detected in any of the four brands. Lead (Pb)...
Technical evaluation of soil and water conservation measures in Maego Watershed, North Ethiopia
May 2018
Soil and water conservation (SWC) practices have been carried out to solve land degradation problems in Ethiopia since the last 3 decades. Technical evaluation of the implemented SWC structures is essential for effectiveness and sustainability of the measures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the technical quality of constructed physical SWC structures in Maego watershed, Ethiopia. The...
Screening of hydrocarbon degrading fungi in crude oil polluted soil isolated in the Niger Delta
May 2018
Bioremediation has been argued to be cheaper and more environmental friendly when compared to other remediation technology. Bioremediation make use of the ability of bacteria and fungi to biodegrade organic compound to cleanup hydrocarbon pollution. Many fungi have been shown to biodegrade simple and complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. In this study, petroleum hydrocarbon degrading fungi have been isolated and...
Biotransformation and detoxification of reactive black dye by Ganoderma tsugae
May 2018
In this study, the decolourization potential of the white-rot fungus Ganoderma tsugae, which is capable of producing laccase was investigated to degrade reactive black dye. Biodegradation of reactive black dye was analyzed by using spectrophotometer at an absorbance of 585 nm. Laccase, manganese peroxidase and pH were served as biodegradation indices. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass...
Land-use/cover change analysis using Remote Sensing techniques in the landscape of Majang Zone of Gambella Region, Ethiopia
April 2018
Recently, forest land grant for investment which is often misquoted as bare land is posing a challenge to biodiversity conservation efforts in the Majang Zone of Gambella Region, Ethiopia. On the other hand, Majang zone has always been known for dense forest cover and rich biodiversity; but recently threatened due to plantation investment. In order to tackle such prevailing problems, timely information about past and...
Distribution and level of arsenic in selected environmental indicators
April 2018
In this study, total arsenic was determined in soil, common grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), plant leaf (Dogwood; Cornus florida) and an invertebrate (Stag beetle; Rhinotia hemistictus). This was with a view of investigating its distribution and level in the environment. Samples were randomly collected from stratified sections of the study area, processed and analysed using validated acid extraction technique. Detection of...
Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses of hand dug well-water near pit latrine in a rural Area of Western Nigeria
April 2018
Contamination of water from feacal sources can lead to major outbreaks of water-borne diseases when such water is consumed without proper treatment. The microbiological and physicochemical analyses of well-water sample collected near pit latrines in Oko, Oyo State, Nigeria were carried out during rainy and dry seasons. Microbiological analysis was carried out by using Most Probable Number (MPN) technique while...
Comparative risk of pit latrine sludge from unplanned settlements and wastewater in Mzuzu City, Malawi
April 2018
Most developing countries use existing knowledge and infrastructure for wastewater in the treatment, reuse and disposal of faecal sludge. There is need to have a clear picture of the risk faecal sludge poses in relation to wastewater if effective treatment, disposal and reuse systems are to be implemented. Little work has been done to quantify the risk faecal sludge poses in relation to wastewater in a localized...
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