June 2014

Village development groups: Model based on participation in achieving rural development

Undoubtedly, cooperative society is a lever for economic development in rural areas. If this could be in line with government policies, it will be very effective to improve living conditions,  employment production and income improvement and social status of rural people. The objective of this study is to observe the carbon sequestration project activities in cooperation with international organizations including...

Author(s): Mahmoud Falsolaiman, Hojat Sadeghi and Mohammad Hajipur

June 2014

Gated-communities and the privatization of public spaces in urban South Africa: Democratic social integration or exclusion?

Emulation of the West’s privatization of urban spaces, and securitization and policing, through city settlement planning has uniformly reinvented spatial social segregation in most democratizing developing countries. Reverence of the gated-community model in democratic urban settlement planning has paradoxical sustained social segregation. Understandably, democratization of South Africa entailed the application of...

Author(s): Tlou Ramoroka and Johannes Tsheola