November 2010
A survey of cellulolytic mesophilic fungi in the soil environment of Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
An investigation was carried out to determine the species of cellulolytic fungi present in the soil environment of Keffi metropolis. Keffi town is the Headquarters of Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Soil samples of 200 g each were collected at random from 10 different locations at dump sites of Keffi town. Malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar were used for the isolation of...
November 2010
Growth inhibition (in vitro) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cassava (Manihot esculenta) using Trichoderma longibrachiatum
The growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cassava was studied in-vitro using Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Both fungi were cultured together on the same Petri plate using three different pairing methods. Inoculation of each fungus on separate Petri plates served as controls. For each pairing method, experiments were conducted in five replicates. Radial...
November 2010
Molecular detection of invA and spv virulence genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from human and animals in Iran
It is important to study the genotypic diversity of Salmonella plasmid genes which are responsible for its virulence. In the present study multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) assay was carried out for detection of Salmonella enteritidisand presence of invA and spv genes. In the first stage of the study, 1001 poultry samples were collected from a...
November 2010
Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of Berlina grandiflora leaf extract against Plasmodium berghei in mice
The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of methanol leaf extract of Berlina grandiflora was investigated in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Four day suppressive and curative effect against established infection models of antiplasmodial studies was used. The extract (100 to 400 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity in early and established...
November 2010
Effects of ethanol/SO42- ratio and pH on mesophilic sulfate reduction in UASB reactors
The effects of ethanol/SO42- ratio and pH on mesophilic sulfate reduction were investigated using three UASB reactors fed with sucrose at an organic loading rate of 5.0 gCOD/L·day. When pH was at 7, ethanol/SO42- ratio rose from 0 to 5, and sulfate reduction rate went up from 5 - 7% to 85 - 89%; the removal efficiency of COD from 82 to 89%. When sucrose was the only organic carbon source, the sulfate...
November 2010
Studies on the culturable marine actinomycetes isolated from the Nahoon beach in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
A total of 84 culturable marine actinomycetes belonging to 15 generic morphotypes were isolated from water and rock scrapings from the Nahoon beach, a coastal shore of Indian Ocean in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The colonies showed diverse morphological characteristics and their occurrence and distribution varied with sample type. The rock scrappings yielded more actinomycetes morphotypes than the water...
November 2010
Bacteriological quality of some Nigerian currencies in circulation
The bacteriological quality of some Nigerian currencies in circulation was investigated in terms of total bacterial count and kinds of bacterial species present. The notes had high bacterial counts: ranging from 1.5×104 to 4.2×104 cfu/cm2; there was no significant difference in the bacterial counts. Eight bacterial species were isolated: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus...
November 2010
Microbial morphology and community structure in a suspended carrier biofilm reactor as a function of substrate loading rates
An aerobic suspended carrier biofilm reactor was efficient in simultaneous organic carbon and nitrogen removal, with COD removal efficiencies of 87.1–99.0% and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiencies about 96.7-98.8%. The effects of substrate loading on microbial morphology and community structure were investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM),...
November 2010
Isolating endophytic fungi from evergreen plants and determining their antifungal activities
A total of 262 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from 23 evergreen plant species collected from Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, China. Two-hundred and three of the fungi isolates were classified into 23 taxa in 19 genera based on colony morphology and microscopic observation of mycelia and asexual/sexual spores. The highest richness was obtained from Cedrus deodara (28), while the highest...
November 2010
Purification and characterization of an extracellular xylanase from Aspergillus niger C3486
An extracellular xylanase from Aspergillus niger C3486 grown on a medium containing D-xylose was purified to homogeneity as indicated by disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular mass of about 25 kDa using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The xylanase was purified 14.79 fold with 29.88% recovery. Optimal temperature and pH for activity was...
November 2010
Determination of the ability of microorganisms isolated from mechanic soil to utilise lubricating oil as carbon source
Ten bacteria and five fungi capable of utilising lubricating oil as carbon source were isolated from mechanic soil. The growth profiles were determined by monitoring the optical density, total viable counts, dry weights and pH of the culture utilizing lubricating oil as sole carbon and energy source. The total viable counts increased significantly with optical density and dry weights of fungi as the days of...
November 2010
A binding of ECM proteins - collagen, fibronectin, albumin and vitronectin by Bacteriocinogennic enterococci isolated from chicken and rabbits
Ten Bacteriocinogennic enterococci, isolates from chicken and rabbits, were examined for their binding of collagen, fibronectin, albumin and vitronectin in tubes with Nutrient broth No.2. For ECM binding examination, enterococci were grown in MRS broth under normal air conditions at 37°C. Individual strains expressed binding of selected glycoproteins to various...
November 2010
Investigation of in vitro effects of daptomycin, tigecycline and teicoplanin combinations against MRSA, VISA and VRE strains
Multidrug resistant (MDR) gram positive infectious agents can cause severe infections and monotherapy of these infections by current available antimicrobial agents can be problematic. Therefore, antimicrobial combination therapy may be needed for effective treatment. The study aimed to investigate in vitro effects of binary combinations of tigecycline (TGC), daptomycin (DPC) and teicoplanin (TP)...
November 2010
In vitro activities of three kinds of antibiotics against Staphylococcal biofilm and planktonic cultures
The aim of the present study is to determine the activities of three kinds of antibiotics against Staphylococcal biofilm and planktonic cultures in vitro, and to indicate the enhancement of biofilm formation in response to stress factors such as glucose and sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics by using scanning electron microscope. Biofilm forming staphylococci were identified by using...
November 2010
Reduction of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization by the oral administration of Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic in a murine model
The aim of this study was to examine the reduction of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonization by oral administration of Lactobacillus casei as probiotic in a murine model. In this study, thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided to two test groups and one control group. One of the test groups was fed probiotic bacteria at six days and other groups at three days; whereas, the...
November 2010
Optimization of culture conditions for thermostable chitinase production by Paenibacillus sp. D1
A hyper-chitinase producing isolate Paenibacillus sp. D1 was obtained from common effluent treatment plant of seafood industries at Veraval (Gujarat, India). The isolate exhibited chitinase production over a wide temperature (25 - 45°C) and pH (6 - 9) range with maxima at 30°C in medium with initial pH 7.0. The crude chitinase had activity in broad pH (4 - 10) and temperature (30 -...
November 2010
The use of the purple non sulphur bacterium isolate P1 and fermented pineapple extract to treat latex rubber sheet wastewater for possible use as irrigation water
A central composite design using two variables (concentrations of isolate P1 and Fermented Pineapple Extract (FPE) each at three levels was used to study their effects on the treatment efficiency of latex rubber sheet wastewater under microaerobic-light conditions. The optimum combination over a 72 h period consisted of 3% P1 and 0.13% FPE and resulted in the removal of 80% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 82%...
November 2010
In vitro interaction of combined plants: Tinospora crispa and Swietenia mahagoni against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
This study has carried out to evaluate the antibacterial effect and the interaction betweenTinospora crispa and Swietenia mahagoni extracts against resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined in the setting of clinical MRSA isolates. Separated and...
November 2010
An alternative method for the establishment of virulence of Newcastle disease virus isolates
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes major losses in the poultry industry and is regarded as endemic in many parts of Africa. Differences in virulence of the virus occur and during any disease outbreak, determining virulence is essential for effectively controlling the disease. The virulence of the virus is dependent on cleavage of the fusion site and is characterised by different sequences in the...
November 2010
Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts of some plants natural growing in Aydin, Turkey
In this study, 10 selected plant species were collected from different localities of Aydın. 10 g of the freeze-dried and powdered leaves of the plant samples were extracted by maceration at room temperature (25°C) in water/ethanol (Merck, USA) (1:1) under shaker at 100 rpm for 24 h, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts on the various test microorganisms, including multiple...
November 2010
Coxiella burnetii in goat bulk milk samples in Iran
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of C. burnetii in bulk milk samples from dairy goat herds in Fars, Ghom, Kerman, Khuzestan and Yazdprovinces, Iran. In the present study, 296 bulk milk samples from 89 dairy goat herds were tested for C. burnetii using a nested PCR...
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