June 2010
Biodiesel in Brazil: History and relevant policies
This study presents a brief review of financial support programs launched by the Brazilian government aimed at substituting the petroleum diesel for fuels from vegetable oils. Although the first attempts were made during the 1970’s, it was only in the last five years that the biodiesel industry has presented a significant growth. The National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB), together with...
June 2010
Socio-economic status of women according to development levels of countries and structure in Turkey
All the view available on gender differ according to socio-cultural and socio-economic development of society. In developed and developing countries, the situation of women are different. Women in developed countries, unlike in underdeveloped and developing countries, are easily accorded more prestige.However, involving women in underdeveloped countries’ decisions often taken by men is an attempt to rectify this...
June 2010
Determination of socio-economic factors affecting private plantations in Turkey
There is 4.5 million ha of land, which needs to be planted, in Turkey. Turkey has planted 1.9 million ha of land since 1937. After the mid-1980s governments have strongly encouraged private plantations, and private entrepreneurs have planted approximately 80,000 ha of land. This paper is focused on socio-economic factors, which affect the extent of private plantations. For this, the authors selected 21 socio-economic...
June 2010
Econometric analysis of the micro-level determinants of woodland conversion to arable cropping and implications to policy in the eastern Nigeria
An empirical investigation was carried out to understand the impact of micro-level determinants of woodland conversion on arable cropping in the Sub-Sahara region of Africa because of the increasing rate of land conversion to agricultural use in the recent time. The study was based on a sample size of 291 farmers from Enugu State, Nigeria. Three sets of micro-level factors were examined and they are: farmer’s...
June 2010
Technical efficiency in resource use: Evidence from smallholder Irish potato farmers in Nyandarua North District, Kenya.
There has been a consistent decline of Irish potato production in Kenya which challenges the food security status of the country. This paper used data from a field survey using a random sample of 127 smallholder potato producers from Nyandarua North District to assess technical efficiency in resource use and to identify the underlying determinants of variations in production efficiency. A dual stochastic parametric...
June 2010
Livestock producers’ needs and willingness to pay for extension services in Adana province of Turkey
There is an ongoing argument about user fees in public agricultural extension services. In Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs’ Farmers Education Division provides agricultural extension services free of charge to increase farmers’ living conditions. In this study, the livestock producers’ information needs and willingness to pay for extension service was analyzed with using a survey data...
June 2010
Agricultural specialists’ intention toward precision agriculture technologies: integrating innovation characteristics to technology acceptance model
Environmental technology is a major determinant for paradigm shift in agriculture and environmental improvement. Precision agriculture technologies are designed to provide extensive information and data to assist farmers when making site-specific management decisions. The paper aims to investigate intention and attitude toward adoption of precision agriculture technologies among agricultural specialists in Iran. A...
June 2010
Influence of component crop densities and planting patterns on maize production in dry land maize/cowpea intercropping systems
An experiment was conducted to test the effect of four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40,000 plants ha-1) and four planting patterns (1rowM:1rowC, 1rowM:2rowsC, 2rowsM:2rowsC and 2rowsM:4rowsC) on the growth and dry matter production of a dryland maize/cowpea intercrop at three sites in Limpopo and North West province. The experiment was a split plot incorporated in randomized complete block design with four...
June 2010
Fertilizer options for sustainable maize (Zea mays L.) production in the Trans Nzoia district of Kenya
With increasing human population against declining staple food crop yield trend, food insecurity is inevitable. Soil fertility problem has been identified as a major factor hindering maize productivity in Trans Nzoia district. Majority of these soils are acidic, deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and at times other nutrient elements. A factorial experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design, with fertilizer...
June 2010
Response of new cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilization in Sudan Gezira
The growth and yield responses of three newly released cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilization were evaluated in a two-year (2006 -2007) field experiment at Gezira Research Station (GRS), Central Sudan. Three cotton varieties, (Hamid, Khairalla and Knight) and six equidistant N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N/ha) were arranged in a split plot design. The varieties were the main plot and N rates were the...
June 2010
Modeling growth of dairy cattle heifers fed elephant grass under stall-feeding system in Uganda
A simulation model was developed to predict growth rate and days required to reach target mating weight of dairy cattle heifers in a stall-feeding system. Input parameters for the model are gross energy (GE), ash, crude protein (CP), organic matter digestibility (OMD), dry matter (DM), protein degradation variables and heifer initial body weight. Based on these inputs, the model calculates metabolisable energy (ME) and...
June 2010
Effect of dietary crude protein level on performance and lysine requirements of male broiler chickens
An experiment was conducted to evaluate crude protein level on lysine requirements and performance of male broiler chickens. From 21 to 42 day old chicks were fed one combination of dietary lysine and CP (18, 20 and 22% crude protein and 0.08, 0.9, 1 and 1.1% lysine) in a diet containing 3.200 kcal/kg ME. Variables measured consisted of feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, percentage of fat pad carcass,...
June 2010
Maize yield response to the combined application of Tundulu rock phosphate and Pigeon Peas residues in Kasungu, Central Malawi
Malawi is endowed with several large deposits of rock phosphate (RP) occurring in the southern part of the country that remain unexploited due to limited knowledge on their agronomic usefulness. A study therefore, was conducted to assess the potential of improving maize yield through use of Tundulu Rock Phosphate (TRP) and pigeon pea residues. Maize yield responses to sole application of either pigeon pea biomass or TRP...
June 2010
An analysis on the “protection-utilization balance†in Turkish forests
Forest resources, due to their basic requirements and structure, have features that affect human life directly. Preserving the forest resources is becoming an extremely difficult task due to changing global balances and increasingly intimidating utilization of the resources. As a precaution, tools and methods for protection of forest resources are being developed on a global level and efforts for international...
June 2010
Evaluation of filtration and SDI application effects on treated wastewater quality index
Before the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation, supplementary treatment could be used for controlling pollution index. In order to evaluate the filtration and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) application on wastewater quality index, the SDI system based on wastewater reuse and three treatments (three replications) was applied. These treatments were controlled by; drip irrigation with drinking water (CH), surface...
June 2010
Water treatment by sedimentation and slow fabric filtration using Moringa oleifera seeds
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the suitability and efficiency of a natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera seeds in treating high turbidity water in the processes of slow direct filtration and sedimentation. In developing countries such as Brazil, the technologies for water treatment shall enable people living in potable-water deficient regions to purify water in easy and self-sustainable ways...
June 2010
Spatial and seasonal analysis of traffic-related pollutant concentrations in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
Leaf samples of Terminalia catappa L (Almond) trees dominant in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria were collected from 34 sampling points located within dominant land-uses (commercial, residential, industrial, institutional, acquisition/parks, dumpsites/incinerators and transportation) along traffic corridors and six stations located 250 m away (as control) during the short wet and short dry seasons for two...
June 2010
Nutritional composition of breadnut seeds (Artocarpus camansi)
This work was carried out to determine the nutritional composition of breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) seeds. Matured breadnut seeds were obtained opened and the seeds were removed for analysis. They were analyzed for proximate mineral, amino acids, fatty acids and organic acids composition. The results showed the values of the proximate composition of the breadnut seeds as: protein (4.87%), fat (3.48%) and carbohydrate...
June 2010
Basic elements of the traditional garden identity in the city of Van
Garden culture in the architectural patterns in and around the city of Van in the East Anatolian region of Turkey has been a tradition from the Urartian Iron AgeKingdom in Eastern Anatolia to the present. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the city of Van had an exclusive residential area where houses were surrounded by gardens. In this study, by exploring the texture of the old gardens in some current...
June 2010
Nutritive value of the genetically divergent genotypes of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
The results of two years investigation of nutritive value of 5 lucerne genotypes are presented in this paper. In the course of three utilization cycles the average amount of crude protein was 197.0 g kg-1 DM; crude fibres, 235.9 g kg-1 DM; crude fat, 15.3 g kg-1 DM; crude ash, 78.0 g kg-1 DM; NFE 379.6 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Average energy value (NEL) was 5.31 MJ kg-1. The highest...
June 2010
Improving emergence and early seedling growth of two cool season grasses affected by seed priming under saline conditions
Soil salinity threatens initial stages of emergence and early seedling growth in cool season grasses, although it may be tolerant in its adult stages. Today, seed priming has been known as an effective technique for improving seed germination, seedling vigor, and emergence rate and seedling establishment under different environmental stresses. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate osmopriming effects in...
June 2010
Estimation of the heritability of agro-morphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using F2:3 families
Heritability is an important genetic parameter of the trait under selection. 193 F2:3families of a cross between 'MousaTarom' and '304' were evaluated under field conditions. The studied traits were seedling height, plant height, culm length, panicle length, penultimate leaf length and width, brown rice length, width, and shape. The parameter m, was highly significant for all traits. The...
June 2010
Fertility level determination of the soils in Non Calcic Brown Forest Great Soil group by soil analysis
This research was carried out to determine the fertility levels of the soils in Bursa Province Non Calcic Brown Forest Great (NCBFG) soil group. For this purpose, 29 soil samples representing the research area were taken and some physical and chemical properties were determined. The research results showed that the sample soils were mostly sandy loam or sandy clay loam textured, but they had generally moderate...
June 2010
The effect of compost and vermicompost of yard leaf manure on growth of corn
Yard leaf manure vermicompost (V) and compost (C) of 0,1,3,6 and 9% of pot weight and corn (Zea mays L.) seeds were grown in pots. Root and shoot dry matters (DM) were greatest in 1 and 3% vermicompost, respectively. Although a decrease in shoot DM was observed in pots containing 3, 6 and 9% compost in comparison with V and control (0%). Macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) concentrations in...
June 2010
Correlation between invasion by endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. and enzyme production
The possible mechanisms of plant colonization by endophytic Phomopsis sp. strain B3 was examined in this study. The ability for the endophytic fungi to produce cavities in the surface of straw and the conditions influencing the laccase production were investigated. The results showed that endophytic fungus B3 could decompose plant materials by producing laccase to form a series of cavities on straw....
June 2010
The inhibitory effect of camel's urine on mycotoxins and fungal growth
The effect of urine and camel milk in the inhibition of biological effects of mycotoxins produced by nine isolates of Aspergillus flavus and one isolate ofAspergillus niger isolated from pulse seeds was studied. Where these toxins lost their ability to inhibit Bacillus subtilus growth, milk could not. Also, our study records the effect of camel urine on mycelial growth of some roots rot...
June 2010
Correlation between invasion by endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. and enzyme production
The possible mechanisms of plant colonization by endophytic Phomopsis sp. strain B3 was examined in this study. The ability for the endophytic fungi to produce cavities in the surface of straw and the conditions influencing the laccase production were investigated. The results showed that endophytic fungus B3 could decompose plant materials by producing laccase to form a series of cavities on straw....
June 2010
Glucosinolates in leaves of Moringa species grown and disseminated in Niger
Moringa leaves rank first among the most widely consumed leafy vegetables in Niger. Glucosinolate contents in leaves of five accessions of three Moringaspecies (M. oleifera, M. stenopetala and M. peregrina) ranged from 2.65 µmol/g in old leaves of M. stenopetala (Ethiopian-1) to 28.62 µmol/g in young leaves of M. oleifera (ICG-42). An Indian introduction, PKM-1...
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