Epidemiology and association of risk factors with molecular data of oral cancer in Senegal sub-Sahara region
January 2024
Oral cavity cancers appear to be more common among head and neck cancers (HNCs). Its incidence and etiology vary from country to country. In this study, the aim is to describe the epidemiological profile and emerge the risk factors for oral cancer in Senegal and their association with genetic alterations. The study is prospective and was conducted on 54 patients and 54 controls. Epidemiological and clinicopathological...
Patient feeding experience during cancer chemotherapy in Ouagadougou
February 2023
This study describes the influence of chemotherapy on patients' eating habits in the context of resource-limited countries. This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients who have been prescribed chemotherapy and followed throughout this treatment at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. We collected data on the initial eating habits and dietary coping strategies during chemotherapy...
Assessment of alternative approaches of primary cervical cancer screening among women in low-income environments
May 2021
Alternative techniques for detecting cancer of the cervix uteri alongside its early precancerous lesions still remain necessary for low income environments since morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer continues to be on the rise. We recruited one thousand and seventy-seven women aged 15-55 years from selected study hospitals in Eastern Uganda and examined them using Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, direct visual...
Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and its associated factors among women attending healthcare services in Eastern Uganda
May 2020
Cervical malignancy is still the leading cause of death for middle-aged women in the developing world. In Uganda, literature has shown that, cervical cancer incidence and death rates was 45.6 and 25 per 100,000 women respectively. However, the actual magnitude of cervical malignancy in Uganda might be higher since most of the cases are never reported. This study assessed the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial...
Head and neck lipomas: A clinicopathologic analysis of 36 cases
November 2019
Lipomas are common benign soft tissue tumors, with 15 to 20% of the cases affecting the head and neck region and 1 to 4% involving the oral cavity. The literature has many reported cases of head and neck lipoma but few comprehensive studies hence, the aim of this study was to review and analyze the clinical and histopathologic features of head and neck lipomas in Nigerians. A fifteen-year retrospective study evaluated...
Human natural killer (NK) cell activation by luteolin from Brucea javanica leaves
December 2018
There is growing interest in using natural substances from plants to potentially enhance anticancer activity. A key target in this respect is natural killer (NK) cells in order to generate an anticancer-immune response. Luteolin used in this study was derived from a local plant Brucea javanica leaves extract; through a bioassay-guided fractionation. The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ...
The influence of life behaviour, diet, physical activities on the incidence of breast cancer among women attending Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife
January 2018
The aetiopathogenesis of cancer has been linked to life behaviour in a significant percentage of cases. Overweight, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and the excessive use of alcohol have been shown to play important roles. This study is aimed at determining the effect of life behavioural patterns and diets in the incidence of breast cancer in Nigerians population. A prospective case-controlled study of 125 breast cancer...
Detection of cervical human papillomavirus in women attending for cervical cancer screening by visual inspection in Côte d' Ivoire
October 2017
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause precancerous lesions and cancers of the cervix. In Côte d'Ivoire, cervical cancer screening program based on visual inspection is the gold standard. This study aimed to detect high risk (HR) HPV DNA on women attending cervical cancer screening program based on visual inspection after application of acid acetic and Lugol. From March to December 2015, cervical samples from...
Retrospective study on gastrointestinal tract tumors in humans in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
May 2017
A retrospective study of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumors of humans in Zaria was carried out to determine the prevalence rates. Of the 124 human cases recorded in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria, 39 (31.45%) had upper GIT tumors while 42 (33.87%) had tumors located in the lower GIT. All age groups were affected. The risk for developing tumors increased with age in cases studied. The affected...
Prevalence of unilateral arm lymphedema among breast cancer patients one year after completing treatment at Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka
September 2016
Lymphedema of the arm and/or hand is a long-term complication of breast cancer treatment. Accurate estimates of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema are lacking, as are the effects of this condition on overall quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of unilateral arm lymphedema among breast cancer patients one year after completion of treatment at Cancer Diseases...
Mean platelet volume and mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio as markers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis
September 2016
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. The lack of efficient and precise HCC biomarkers prevents early detection resulting in a poor prognosis. Recently, mean platelet volume (MPV) and MPV/platelet count (PC) ratio have been proposed as potential markers of HCC. This study was carried out to verify MPV and MPV/PC ratio in diagnosis of HCC in Egyptian patients with chronic...
Health related quality of life among breast cancer patients with unilateral arm lymphedema at cancer diseases hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
August 2016
This study aims to determine health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of breast cancer patients with unilateral arm lymphedema one year after completion of treatment at Cancer Diseases Hospital. The study design comprises of a cross sectional study, where we assessed the HRQoL controlling for patient demographics, cancer stages and treatment types. Short form of 36 interview schedule was used to assess HRQol and to...
Immunotherapy against cancer: A comprehensive review
July 2016
The endeavor of this paper was to review cancer immunotherapy which means the modulating and using of the patient’s own immune system to target the cancer cells rather than using an extrinsic means of therapy. The best way to prevent and remove infections is through the natural 'sterilising' action of the immune response that combines elements of both innate and adaptive immunity to ward off foreign...
Diallyl disulfide protects against rectal cancer in vivo model of male rabbits: II-Analysis of histological and cytogenetic variations
April 2016
The present work was conducted to perform a short-term comparative analysis and evaluate the anti-neoplastic effects of diallyl disulfide on rectal carcinogenicity via histopathological changes, chromosomal aberrations, and mitotic index induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on male rabbits (Orectolagus cuniculus). The histological changes that can be seen microscopically showed that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine at the suggested...
Clinicopathological and survival significance of BAT-25 and BAT-26 instability in breast cancer among Senegalese patients
August 2015
In some tumors, defects in mismatch repair enzymes lead to errors in the replication of simple nucleotide repeat segments. This condition is commonly known as microsatellite instability (MSI) because of the frequent mutations of microsatellite sequences. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological and survival significance of BAT-25 and BAT-26 instability, in 60 patients with breast cancer....
Review on vaccine design strategies against cancer
March 2015
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in 8.2 million or 14.6% of all human deaths worldwide in 2012. More than 70% of all cancer deaths occurred in low and middle income countries; although the risk of developing/dying from it is still higher in the developed regions of the world, and tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths which is still a major public health problem worldwide that...
Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) in women from Ghana
December 2014
Gynaecological or cervical cancer remains a significant public health problem worldwide, a situation from which Ghana is not exempt. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an important agent of pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer. Currently, over 70 genotypes of the virus have been identified, of which twenty or more have actually been isolated from or are reportedly associated with female genital lesions. Anecdotal...
Detecting cancer at primary care level in developing nations by involving youth of a country
September 2014
After witnessing two cancer deaths in my family, I understood how hard it is for a family to bear the loss. So I strongly feel that a planned approach towards prevention and elimination of cancer, and especially lifestyle related cancers, is the need of the hour in developing nations where resources are limited. A large proportion of a nation’s population is comprised of young adults. They can make a huge...
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids against Ehrlich carcinoma-induced hepatic dysfunction
March 2014
Omega-3 essential fatty acids (ω-3 FATs); found in the highest concentrations in fish oil, claim a plethora of health benefits. The present study aims to evaluate the biological effects of ω-3 FATs supplementation against Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) induced inflammation, oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver tissue of albino mouse. ω-3 FATs were orally administered via...
The prognostic value of IgA/[EBNA1+VCA-p18] on survival of nasopharyngeal cancer patients
March 2014
Undifferentiated (World Health Organization (WHO) 3) type of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is strongly correlated with Epstein-barr (EBV) virus latent infection. Post-treatment viral reactivation is associated with relapsed or recurrence of NPC. Viral activation can be measured indirectly via plasma IgA responses towards EBV proteins such as EBNA1 and VCA-p18. This study aims at determining the prognostic value of...
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device for management of tamoxifen-induced menorrhagia in breast cancer patients
January 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic yield of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) for management of tamoxifen induced menorrhagia in women who had mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer. This study included 34 patients who had breast cancer, underwent mastectomy, were maintained on tamoxifen post-operatively for at least 6 months, and had also newly developed menorrhagia throughout their...
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy as the presenting symptom of non-small cell lung cancer: A case report
January 2014
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a disabling condition that may occur secondarily to primary lung carcinoma. Management of joint pain in patients with HOA is challenging, and treatment options are experimental. Here we report an unusual case of HOA in a 54 year-old man who presented with fever, rash and arthralgia as initial symptoms of an underlying non-small cell lung cancer. He did not respond to...
Solid-phase total synthesis of cyclic pentapeptide Longicalycinin A, by using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin
November 2013
Naturally isolated cyclic pentapeptide Longicalycinin A, which showed cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cancer cell line with an IC50 value 13.52 μg/mL, has been successfully synthesized by solid-phase methodology with Fmoc/t-Bu protecting schemes via solution-phase macrocyclization. 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin was used as solid support. Solution phase macrocyclization of linear pentapeptide precursor was carried out by two...
Mapping Angiogenic Cells CD31 (PECAM1) and CD45 in PCa and BPH Biopsies
November 2013
Molecular characterization of PCa and BPH using the angiogenic tissue markers CD31 and CD45 to differentiate between the two major types of prostate gland disorders is investigated. 8 clinically characterized biopsies were analyzed at the Histopathology Laboratory of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital; the tissue sections were processed for antigen retrieval and were labeled with anti-CD45 and...
Erythrina velutina and Bryothamnion seaforthii lectins binding to proteins of primary central nervous system tumors
November 2012
This research was done to examine the interaction of lectins with glycoconjugates expressed on Primary CNS tumors using lectins from marine algal Bryothamnion seaforthii(BSL) and seeds of Erythrina velutina (EVL) Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled. Samples of different tumor types obtained from the Neurology Service of Sobral-Brazil were processed for histopathologic...
A review of clinical trials of chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer
November 2012
Chemotherapy is playing an important role in treating pancreatic cancer, either when used alone or when combined with surgery and radiotherapy. We summarized 80 eligible clinical trials published from January in 2006 to June in 2011 and discussed the future development of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. All the clinical trials were divided into 5 groups: single-agent regimen (14 trials), binary...
Evidence of a positive correlation between accelerated oestrogen receptor phosphorylation and breast cancer progression
December 2011
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is predicted to play an important role in prevention of breast cancer development and metastasis. Phosphorylation of Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been proven to be involved in the progression of breast cancer and it is believed oestrogen receptor beta too phosphorylated at multiple sites within the protein upon ligand binding although the exact function of this...
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene and predisposition to colorectal cancer: Significant association in colorectal cancer patients of Kashmir
November 2011
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene, a putative tumour suppressor gene has been implicated in development of various cancers. Here we aim to study the frequency of LOH of DCC gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of Kashmir and further to assess any association with etio-pathological factors. Genomic DNA from 80 confirmed CRC tissue samples as well as adjacent normal...
Antitumor potential of an acetogenin isolated from the seed extracts of Annona squamosa Linn.
November 2011
Ethanolic herbal extract residue of the seeds of Annona squamosa Linn. were tested against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) tumour cells. Then its effect on the increased lifespan of mice with DLA tumour cells was studied. At high and low dosages, it exhibited 66.67 and 56.25% increase in the lifespan. Percentage of haemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) counts of treated were higher than that of...
Preliminary analysis of radiation dose effects to rat femora microstructure using synchrotron radiation computed microtomography
October 2011
In this work we investigated the consequences of irradiation in the femur of rats to a radiation dose of 5 Gy. Three different sites in femur specimens were imaged using synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography to assess trabecular bone microarchitecture: head, distal metaphysis and distal epiphysis. Histomorphometric quantification was extracted directly from the 3D tomographic images using synchrontron...
Benign breast tumors in Red Sea State, Sudan
October 2011
The majority of breast tumors are benign. Some of these tumors carry risk that change into cancer. So, it is important to know the different histopathological patterns of the benign breast lesions. This will help in the proper diagnosis of the lesion and build up of potent programs against the cancer. This research classifies benign breast diseases according to their frequency in Red Sea State, Sudan and compares them...
Experimental therapy against ovarian cancer by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene driven by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter
September 2011
TRAIL functions as a soluble cytokine killing various cancer cells with limited toxicity to most normal cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter is known to selectively drive transgene expression in many human cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the hTERT promoter could efficiently mediate more specific TRAIL gene therapy in ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrated...
Chronic myeloid leukemia: Attributes of break point cluster region-abelson (BCR-ABL)
September 2011
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a molecular fault from neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells. It is elicited by an extensive spectrum of “fused oncoproteins” which are necessitated in the disease refractoriness. It docks a miscellany of fusion transcripts originating from chromosomal rearrangements. Additionally, vulnerability to genomic rearrangements is particularly enhanced in chronic myeloid...
Patient-specific quality assurance for the treatment of intensity modality radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
August 2011
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the nasopharynx. The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the significant of performing patient specific quality assurance (QA) for patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Ten pretreatment IMRT plans were selected for this study. The ten selected plans were treated with the...
Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: A rare and distinct entity
August 2011
Neuroendocrine tumor of the breast is a rare tumor that is under diagnosed and treated. This is a retrospective study over three years of neuroendocrine breast carcinoma cases seen at the National Institute of Oncology in Morocco between May 2007 and 2010. We analyzed various characteristics: Patient demographics, histological diagnosis, disease stage, treatment effects and outcome, in 7 non-metastatic...
Down regulation of galectin-3 in primary tumor tissues of breast predict axillary lymph node metastasis
June 2011
Identification of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients is a challenge in routine pathology practice. Serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry is labor intensive and cannot be followed even for sentinel node examination. So identification of a biomarker predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in primary tumor tissue is of great interest. Galectins are a family of low molecular weight...
Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and endometrial cancer in Basrah, South of Iraq
June 2011
The genes glutathione S- transferase M1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1 involved in phase II metabolism catalyse glutathione – mediated reduction of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. A case control study was designed to identify association between polymorphisms at GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and endometrial cancer risk. Genotype frequencies in 50 patient’s women with endometrial cancer...
Photochemical internalization: Maximizing the potential of siRNA in cancer therapy through spatially and temporally controlled endolysosomal escape
April 2011
A major obstacle for cancer therapies is the lack of targeted delivery of therapeutics. To compensate, existing drug treatments rely on high dosages and frequent administrations. This results in adverse effects in the patient due to the drugs failure to discriminate between normal body cells and tumor cells. The discovery of RNAi (RNA interference) has radically opened possibilities to the advancement of cancer...
Imaging modalities in head and neck cancer patients-overview
April 2011
Accurate staging and timely assessment in head and neck cancer patients is critical for initiating appropriate treatment strategy. Therefore, pre-treatment imaging in diagnosis is of great importance. Computerized tomography, introduced in the early 70s, followed by magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, refinements in ultrasonography, and advances in nuclear medicine and applications such as sentinel...
Long term remission with 6-Mercaptopurine in refractory Evan’s syndrome
February 2011
The management of Evan’s syndrome remains a challenge and innovative approaches are needed. Initial therapeutic failure, relapses after initial response and refractoriness to treatments are typical. Options for second-line therapy include immunosuppressive drugs, especially cyclosporin or mycophenolate mofetil; vincristine; danazol or a combination of these agents. We report here a long-term remission of...
Correlation between visual inspection of the cervix and pap smear test for cervical cancer screening
January 2011
Cancer of the cervix, although a preventable disease has remained a common genital cancer in Nigeria, where most women rarely ever undergo cervical cancer screening. The reasons commonly cited in several studies for this abysmal situation are the absence of routine and organized screening programme, lack of knowledge about cervical cancer screening and cost. Visual inspection of the cervix, which is easy to do, cheap...
The effectiveness of high dose rate brachytherapy using a special applicator set with external beam radiation treatment and chemotherapy followed by surgery as a treatment of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: A case series of single institution with literature review
January 2011
Our study looked at patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) followed by external beam radiation treatment (EBRT) and chemotherapy with and without surgery to find local response using special HDR-BT delivery catheter, Bonvoisin-Gerard Esophageal Applicator (BG Applicator). We reviewed eight patients’ charts with adenocarcinoma of esophagus (Median age = 63.5...
Investigation of breathing maneuvers using free breathing and video biofeedback techniques during radiation therapy treatment for non small cell lung cancer patients
December 2010
The goal of radiation therapy treatment increases as the breathing motion decreases, which then will lead to desirable and accurate conformal dose distributions for mobile lung cancer tumor. Twelve healthy volunteers of age ranges between 18-63 years, (5 females and 7 males) were randomly selected for the study in the breathing training methods using free breathing and video biofeedback breathing. The free breathing...
Lectins isolated from Brazilian beans as markers of membrane glycoconjugates of human colon cancer cells
December 2010
TIn this preliminary study the carbohydrate-binding activity of 10 plant lectins from the Diocleinae subtribe Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Canavalia brasiliensis (Con Br), Canavalia bonariensis (Con Bo), Canavalia grandiflora (Con Gr), Canavalia maritima (Con M), Dioclea grandiflora (DGL), Dioclea guianensis (Dgui), Dioclea virgata (Dvir), Dioclea violacea (Dvio) and Dioclea rostrata (Dros) was studied to determine...
Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) expression and angiogenesis in Indonesian nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
November 2010
The pivotal role of Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) in angiogenesishas been concluded from several in vitro experiments. However, there were very limited and inconsistent data on the correlation between LMP-1 and angiogenesis from clinical samples. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between LMP-1 and angiogenesis from Indonesian nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Forty cases...
Primary renal plasmacytoma: Case report and literature review
November 2010
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) results from uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation and consists of monoclonal plasmacytic infiltration without bone marrow involvement. These tumors occur most commonly in the head and neck region, followed by gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, thyroid, breast, parotid gland, testis and lymph nodes. Primary renal plasmacytoma is very rare. We report a primary renal...
Ultrastructural changes in premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix with papillomavirus infection
September 2010
The main purpose of this study was intended to determine the possible ultrastructural relations among the human papilloma virus infection, angiogenesis and cellular infiltrate in premalignant and malignant lesions of uterine cervix. 58 samples of cervix were obtained from patients of the ambulatory “Maria Teresa Toro” Aragua, Venezuela, with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and human papillomavirus...
Survival disparities in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving radiation treatment: An investigation of race and gender
September 2010
Multiple studies evaluating non-small cell lung cancer disparities reveal male gender and African American race as independent predictors for poorer outcome. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving radiation treatment at the University of Washington and to investigate whether race and gender disparities persist at the level of access to...
The popliteal lymph node group as a naturally positioned model for research on lung cancer metastasis
September 2010
Lung cancer originates so close to the pulmonary veins that penetration into the blood circulation is naturally assured. Despite such excellent hematogenous opportunities, it is the lymphogenous route that brings about centrifugal lymph node involvement as low down as the abdomen. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the more distant popliteal nodes should be purposively harvested ethically, cut...
Long survival in patients with metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the uterine corpus: A report of 2 cases
April 2010
Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus is relatively uncommon in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria - Nigeria and generally has a poor prognosis. A report of palliative treatment for invasive leiomyosarcoma of the uterine corpus with pulmonary metastases in 2 women is presented. Both patients presented with advanced bulky locoregional and metastatic disease. The patients had palliative care using multimodality...
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