2024-04-26T03:21:00Z https://academicjournals.org/oai-pmh/handler

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:FB5992F61388 2016-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2016

Computer-aided and 3d printing technologies; new frontiers in reconstructive surgery K. Koech Editorial Computer-aided and 3D printing technologies have recently become accepted standard of care protocol for preoperative surgical planning and in the design pros-thesis. Academic Journals 2016 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/FB5992F61388 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS.9000001 en Copyright © 2016 K. Koech

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:5B2175761389 2016-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2016

The potential of using 3d printed patient specific models in reconstructive surgery of the mandible –review paper Nguyai C.M, Ogalo J.P, Guthua S.W , Odhiambo W. A, Butt, F.M, Review Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing is a manufacturing technique whose process involves laying down of material, one layer on top of the other such that a solid object is formed. Its capability to produce objects of complicated geometrical shapes (otherwise unachievable by traditional manufacturing techniques) within a relatively short time and without extra tooling has made it ideal for prototyping and creation of customized products. In medicine, it finds application in replicating the medical imaging scans to actual tangible solid objects. This births immense potential as the models can be used to extend the pre-surgical preparations to include processes that are otherwise conducted intra-operatively. These include pre-bending the reconstruction plates to fit the patientrsquo;s anatomy almost perfectly. As such, the intra-operative time is reduced and along with it the perioperative risks and costs. The outcome is improved as well. In Kenya, there are very few Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and fewer facilities where patients can be attended to. A significant number of the cases presented to them require extensive reconstruction and the process is not only time consuming but also expensive. Therefore, a large number of patients fail to be attended to in due time causing much pain and suffering. Studies have shown that incorporating 3D printed patient specific models in treatment planning has a positive impact in reducing intra-operative time and consequently, costs. This review is part of a broader study proposal whose objective will be to investigate the impact of using patient specific 3D printed models in reconstructive surgery of the mandible. Key words: 3D-printing, models, reconstructive surgery, mandible. Academic Journals 2016 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/5B2175761389 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS.9000004 en Copyright © 2016 Nguyai C.M, Ogalo J.P, Guthua S.W , Odhiambo W. A, Butt, F.M,

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:78DCD2561390 2016-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2016

Root curvature in the maxillary first permanent molars in a Kenyan population Nyaga J. M, Maina S.W, Gathece L.W, Okoth J Full Length Research Paper Objective; To determine the root curvature in the maxillary first permanent molars. Methodology; A total of 187 maxillary molars were collected from male and female patients aged between10 and 40 years. The teeth were orientated in their anatomical positions on a calibrated graph paper and the root curvature determined with reference to the long axis of root from the bifurcation. Results; Majority of the mesiobuccally roots (63.6%) were curved and of the curved, 95% curved distally. In the distobuccally root, 49.7% of the roots were curved and majority (77.4%) curved mesial. Majority of the palatal roots were straight (65.3%). Of the curved palatal roots, 92.5% curved in a buccal direction. The gen-der variations in root curvature in maxillary first permanent molars was not statistically significant. Conclusion; Palatal root in maxillary first permanent molars had the lowest frequency of curved roots. Key words; roots, curvature, maxillary, molars Academic Journals 2016 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/78DCD2561390 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS.9000003 en Copyright © 2016 Nyaga J. M, Maina S.W, Gathece L.W, Okoth J

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:72D7B2E61391 2016-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2016

Debilitating lymphangiomatous macroglossia-case report Guthua W, S. Kamau W, M. Case Report Objective; Lymphangiomatous macroglossia in children though uncommon may cause significant morbidity which maybe functional or developmental when untreated and also presents a significant surgical challenge when trying to balance complete surgical excision and maintenance of contour and function. Case report; We report a case of extensive tongue lymphangioma in which surgical excision was performed with good cosmetic and functional results. Conclusion; Lymphangiomatous macroglossia in children is a debilitating condition not only due to the physi-cal problems it causes but also the attendant psychological issues that arise. Prompt treatment is required to improve the patientrsquo;s physical and psychosocial condition of Nairobi, Kenya Keyword; Lymphangiomatous macroglossia Academic Journals 2016 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/72D7B2E61391 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS.9000002 en Copyright © 2016 Guthua W, S. Kamau W, M.

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:0FF1FE863555 2020-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2020

Pregnancy epulis: Case series among pregnant women in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria Omisakin O. O., Mohammed-Durosinolorun A., Fomete B. and Adze J. Full Length Research Paper The aim of this work is to report the clinical presentation and management of pregnancy epulis (PE) among pregnant women that attended ante-natal clinic in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Northern, Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty self-administered, structured questionnaires were administered to pregnant women that attended ante-natal clinic in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Intraoral examination was done for all that filled the questionnaire. The study was done from January 2018 to July 2018. Eight cases (2.5%) of pregnancy epulis were diagnosed among 320 pregnant women. The age of the women ranged between 23 to 34 years with mean age plusmn;28.5 years (SD=3.9); four (50%) were in their third trimester, three (37%) in their second trimester and one (12.5%) was in her first trimester of pregnancy. Five (62.5%) occurred in the anterior gingiva of the maxillary teeth, and two (25%) mandibular anterior gingivae and one (12.5%) at the mandibular posterior gingivae. The prevalence of PE from this study was one pregnant woman among forty, ratios 1:40. Our treatment modalities included: Oral hygiene prophylaxis and surgical excision of the tumour under local anaesthesia. There is need to pay attention to plaque control in pregnant women to reduce the incidence and prevent complications that may arise from the tumour such as life threatening haemorrhage. All pregnant women should have routine oral hygiene prophylaxis to reduce incidence of pregnancy epulis. Key words: Pregnancy, epulis, gingivae, women, tumour, Kaduna. Academic Journals 2020 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/0FF1FE863555 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS2019.0002 en Copyright © 2020 Omisakin O. O., Mohammed-Durosinolorun A., Fomete B. and Adze J.

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:7DF3CEB66807 2021-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2021

Awareness on dental radiographic examination and associated health risks among patients visiting a dental clinic in Tanzania Flaviana J. Nyatu, Karpal S. Sohal and Elison N. Simon Full Length Research Paper The use Dental radiographs has become an integral part of modern clinical dentistry to investigate complaints of patients. This study aimed at determining the level of awareness of dental radiological examination among patients attending dental treatment at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) dental clinic in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included patients who underwent radiological examination. A specially designed questionnaire was used to gather information on the demographics and level of awareness of the patients regarding X-ray examination. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science-V23. The association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, and p-value was set at plt;0.05. A total of 322 participants were included in the study of which 184 (57.1%) were females. The age range of the participants was 18 to 89 years (mean of 37.2 plusmn; 15.2 years). There was a statistically significant association between self-perceived awareness about dental radiographs and level of education, age and previous experience of the participants. Only 39.4% reported to have had some information regarding dental X-rays and among them, in 89%, the source was dental personnel. Only 36% said there was no problem in exposing a pregnant woman to dental X-rays. 92.7% said there is a need of using special protective gear when exposing a pregnant woman to dental X-ray. Generally, there was a low awareness of dental X-ray examination in this group of patients. Key words: Awareness, dental X-ray examination, Muhimbili, Tanzania. Academic Journals 2021 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/7DF3CEB66807 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS2020.0003 en Copyright © 2021 Flaviana J. Nyatu, Karpal S. Sohal and Elison N. Simon

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:191680967526 2021-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2021

Perception and attitude of Sudanese dentists about COVID-19 Nada Tawfig Hashim, Linda Mohamed Ali Saleh, Azza Tagelsir Ahmed and Sara Faisal Elbadri Full Length Research Paper The present study was conducted to give an insight into the level of perception, practice and attitude of Sudanese dentists in relation to infection control measures at the time of the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19 through an online survey. A sample of 315 participants was enrolled in the study. An online survey was conducted in August 2020, using the Google Form software. Data were analyzed using the statistical software for social science (SPSS). Mean scores of perceptions, practice attitude sections, were compared to some of the questions in general characteristics section using the Kruskalndash;Wallis and the Mannndash;Whitney U tests to derive a relationship. The most prevalent age group (49.4 %) was between the ages of 25-34. The female and male percentages were 70.2% and 29.8% respectively. A statistically significant difference was found when perception was compared based on years of practicing with the highest mean score (144.44) among those who were practicing more that 10 years (p=0.002). No significant difference was found in the mean score of perception among participants who received or did not received training in infection control (p=0.77). However, significant relationships were noted between the variables (dental professions, years of practicing and receiving lecture on infection control) and practice with p value of (0,0,0.001 respectively). Sudanese dentists showed adequate perception and attitude towards COVID-19 infection controls and measures in dental clinics. However, there was limited understanding by dentists of the extra precautionary measures to protect patients from COVID-19. Key words: Sudanese dentists, perception, practice, attitude, COVID-19. Academic Journals 2021 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/191680967526 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS2021.0010 en Copyright © 2021 Nada Tawfig Hashim, Linda Mohamed Ali Saleh, Azza Tagelsir Ahmed and Sara Faisal Elbadri

oai:academicjournals.org:AJOHS:598B07068430 2021-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals AJOHS AJOHS:2021

Risk factors and complications associated with dental extraction treatment in the Western Region of Cameroon: A cross sectional study Agbor Ashu Michael, Domngang Noche Christelle, Tedong Leonard , Dongo Alice Nadia, Towa Neguem Michel, Tetinou Djifack Francklin and Bengondo Charles Full Length Research Paper Complications associated to dental extraction remain a concern and can be a source of morbidity. However, adequate management could avoid these complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the risks factors and complications associated with dental extraction in the Western Region of Cameroon. This was a cross sectional study carried out between January 25 to April 30, 2019. Patients 15 years and above were recruited by convenience sampling. Included in the study were patients who had tooth extraction and managed for post-extraction complications. . A total of 1500 patients were consulted and 170 patients presented with post-extraction complications giving a frequency of 11.34 %.The main reasons for consultation was toothache 146(85.88 %), (54%) of the patients who presented with complications were males. Dental extractions were performed by dental therapists 91(53.53%), dental students on training 49(28.82%) and dental surgeons 30(17.65%).Post-extraction complications were hemorrhages 54(27%), suppurative alveolitis 53(26.23%), dry socket 23(11.56%), post-extraction pain 20(10%) and postoperative edema 20(10%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with the hemorrhage were the maxillary arch extraction (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.6-8.5, p= 0.04), extraction performed by dental students on training (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.1-4.37, p= 0.028) and tobacco use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.01- 3.99, p= 0.012). Dry socket was associated to mandibular extraction (OR 4.22, 95% CI 2.19- 8.1, p= 0.000) and those associated with inflammation were female (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.11-4.18, p= 0.017) and extraction of 4 teeth (OR 6.17, 95% CI 1.15-32.93, p= 0.029). Dental extractions were performed mainly by dental therapists and complications after tooth extraction were significantly associated with extractions performed by dental students on training. Key words: Tooth extraction, Complications, Hemorrhage, Alveolitis, epidemiology, therapy, Cameroon. Academic Journals 2021 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJOHS/article-abstract/598B07068430 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJOHS2021.0012 en Copyright © 2021 Agbor Ashu Michael, Domngang Noche Christelle, Tedong Leonard , Dongo Alice Nadia, Towa Neguem Michel, Tetinou Djifack Francklin and Bengondo Charles