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Sickle cell disease (SCD) in Nigeria is traditionally treated using herbs by Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMP). One of the herbs commonly used is Khaya, which is widely distributed in Africa, and three species exist in Nigeria. These are Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (KS), K. grandifoliola (WELW) CDC (KG) and K. ivorensis A. Chev. (KI). It was earlier discovered that K. senegalensis stem bark possessed anti-sickling...
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The aim of this study was to provide useful diagnostic parameters for the standardization of the plant and also to scientifically validate its acclaimed traditional use. Detailed macroscopy and microscopy studies were carried out using standard methods. Anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol crude extract was investigated using the egg-albumin induced oedema test. The stem bark has bitter taste, rough texture, brittle...
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Synthetic insecticides such as organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates or pyrethroids, used in the preventive fight against malaria, can be the cause of numerous cases of resistance in mosquitoes. Thus, the use of natural molecules with biodegradable insecticide or insect repellent properties and therefore more respectful of the environment and the ecosystem, could be an alternative to the use of synthetic...
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Typhoid fever commonly called typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. Treatment is by the use of antibiotics which presents other challenges such as drug resistance, high cost of medication and less accessibility to the rural population. The aim and objective of this research was to identify the bioactive metabolites of the leaf of T. occidentalis, determine the antimicrobial activities.on Salmonella...
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Phytochemical screening of fifteen secondary metabolites and neuropharmacological activity including cytotoxic, analgesic and anxiolytic or CNS depressant properties of Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl, an epiphytic medicinally important orchid species have been conducted to evaluate the medicinal potentiality for neurological activity. Secondary metabolites profiling include alkaloids, anthroquinone, coumarin, cardiac...
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Bisphosphonates are drugs widely used to treat bone disorders such as osteoporosis and bone metastases. Despite their clinical importance, the long-term use of bisphosphonates is linked to the onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study aimed to assess in vitro cytoprotective effects of Arrabidaea chica Verlot extract, at 1 and 5 µg mL-1, associated with a fraction enriched with geranylgeraniol...
Laurus nobilis leaves extract protects against high fat diet-induced type 2 Diabetes in rats
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Laurus nobilis, commonly known as bay, is used in folk medicine as a remedy for many ailments. The present study investigates the protective effect of L. nobilis leaves extract against high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Animals were divided into group 1 (control), groups 2, 3, and 4 (bay leaves aqueous (AQ) extracts; 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg of body weight respectively), and groups 5, 6, and 7 (bay leaves...
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Amphimas pterocarpoides is used traditionally for the treatment of oedema, infections, malaria and skin diseases. This study described pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of the leaf and stem bark. The carrageenan-induced foot oedema and the baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities respectively. The leaf of A. pterocarpoides is oddly pinnate compound,...
In vitro Micropropagation and Biological Activities of Astragalus fruticosus Forssk.
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An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for the rare, wild Egyptian Astragalus fruticosus Forssk. plant. Seed coat scratching was very effective for getting high frequency of seed germination (100%). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (Kn) and thidiazuron (TDZ) either singly or in combination with auxins as 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic...
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Phytochemical screening reveals many therapeutic potentials. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro spermicidal (IVS) and serum antioxidant (SA) activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Solanum macrocarpon (ELESM) in albino rats. The IVS activity was investigated using 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml of ELESM at 1, 5 and 10 minutes’ intervals. Thirty 10-12 weeks old male albino rats randomly assigned to six groups (A-F,...
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Nanoparticles, because of their diversified applications in the field of modern medicine gained lot of importance thrust area. In the present investigation, synthesis and characterization of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their antimicrobial effect on certain pathogenic bacteria were studied. AgNPs were prepared by green synthesis process using stem extract of Euphorbia nivulia, from 1mM AgNO3 solution. The color...
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An unhealthy lifestyle will usually cause free radical compounds that are reactive against cells and tissues of the body. Therefore free radical reactions in the body can be muted with the use of antioxidants that can help protect the body from free radical attack and resist its negative impact. The synthetic antioxidants such as BHA and BHT can cause damage to the liver and carcinogenic. Some scientific studies around the...
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Picralima nitida is a medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae, frequently used in South- eastern Nigerian traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study is a comparative evaluation on the chemical constituents and bioactivity of Picralima nitida seed, leaf, root and stem back methanol extracts. The phytoconstituents present were identified using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis. The...
Hepatoprotective potential of Blepharis persica (burm. f.) o. kuntze.
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This study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol (90%) extract of Blepharis persica seeds (BPEE) in rats. The plant extract showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity as judged from the serum marker enzymes and histopathological studies on liver tissues. The acetaminophen-induced group shows a significant rise in the serum enzymes. Treatment of rats with...
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Lippia alba is a native species popularly known as "lemon balm", used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. This work aims to study the ethnobotany of L. alba and to determine the chemical composition of essential oils from the fresh leaves of L. alba during both rainy and dry seasons. The volatile contents of the oil samples were determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry - GC/MS. The...
Medicinal Value of the Seed Essential Oil of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook
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Eucalyptus essential oil is an important aroma-therapeutic agent in the treatment of diverse diseases and ailments in human and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the composition and pharmacological properties of the seed essential oil of E. citriodora from Nigeria. The essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed using GC-MS. The total phenolic content,...
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This study was carried in order to determine short-term (acute) and long-term(subchronic) effects of Melastomastrum capitatum leaf methanol extract in the management and treatment of certain diseases in traditional and complementary medicines by many villages in Mambila Nigeria. Acute and subchronic toxicities were carried out in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines....
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The roots of Chasmanthera dependens were studied to determine their active constituents and antimicrobial activity. A phytochemical investigation of C. dependens using chloroform and methanol extracts led to the isolation and identification of the following secondary metabolites; alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, terpenoids, steroids, saponins. The antimicrobial activities of these...
PHARMACOGNOSTIC INVESTIGAIONS AND PRELIMINIARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA LINN.
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Objective: To study detailed Pharmacognostic profile and preliminary phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. commonly known as ‘indigo’ belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is distributed through the hotter parts of India. Medicinal uses include the juice of the leaves as a prophylactic against hydrophobia, and as a decoction for blennorrhagia; plant extract as the treatment for epilepsy,...
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Objectives: This study covers the microscopic studies, the phytochemical screening, acute toxicity evaluation and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Sabiceabrevipes. This plant has not been studied extensively; even when such studies were done; the focus was on the root rather than the leaf, which is easier to harvest and more abundant. Method: Free hand sections were used for anatomical...
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The present study sought to investigate proximate composition in relation to the short and long term hypoglycemic effects of ethanol/water extracts of Verononiaamygdalina, AzadirachtaindicaandMoringaoleifera on hyperglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by single intra-peritoneal injection of 0.1 mol/L alloxan monohydrate in citrate buffer (pH = 4.5); dosage = 140 mg/kg; b/w.Hyperglycemic rats received separate dose of...
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Ixora coccinea stems
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Background and objective: Ixora coccinea has mentioned in Ayurveda as Paranti and traditionally stems used in inflammatory diseases like sprains, eczema, contusions and boils. Present study deals with assessment of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of I. coccinea stem. Methodology: Anti-inflammatory activity was accessed by in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat and in vitro human red blood...
EVALUATION OF TEA AND COFFEE PRODUCTS COMMERCIALIZED IN EGYPT
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Tea and coffee have been consumed for hundreds of years for their flavour and stimulating properties. Nowadays, caffeine is receiving an increasing interest in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its central nervous system CNS stimulating properties, peripheral vasoconstriction, relaxation of the smooth muscle and myocardial stimulation. Caffeine constitutes an average of 4% of tea leaf and 1.5% of coffee bean. The...
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic...
Fungal metagenomes in polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis
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The traditional systems of medicine have significantly become more accepted in the developed and developing countries due to their curative property, less toxicity and minimal side effects. However, several studies have shown that they are associated with microbial contaminants. This study aimed at identifying fungi in nine polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa....
Antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extracts of Ocimum gratissimum on selected microorganisms
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The antimicrobial activities of flower and leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum obtained from the garden of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Ghana, was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive bacteria), Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria) and Candida albicans (fungi). These...
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Thespesia populnea L. (Family: Malvaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant distributed in tropical regions of world and cultivated in south Gujarat and indicated to be useful in cutaneous affections, psoriasis, ringworm and eczema. Bark and fruits are indicated in the diseases of skin, urethritis and gonorrhea. The juice of fruits is employed in treating certain hepatic diseases. The plant is reported to contain flavanoids,...
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The necessity for traditional medicine is efficacious as aphrodisiac increases every year. Dayak community believes that Kelakai roots have efficacy as an aphrodisiac drug, but no studies were conducted relating to the efficacy of the Kelakai roots.Traditional medicinal products are efficacious as aphrodisiac have a hormone-like effect, usually contain active ingredients that have estrogenic properties among other things...
IN-VITRO ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF GARCINIA HANBURYI EXTRACT
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Garcinia hanburyi belongs to the family Clusiaceae. The whole plant was dried, extracted to obtain Xanthone rich extract. Phytochemical studies of extract showed the presence of Phenols, Alkaloids, steroids, resins and saponins. The natural sources such as a plants are an abundant source having various medicinal properties. In the present study, Garcinia hanburyi has been selected to test for the Anti-inflammatory activity...
Biochemical and antibacterial activity of Jojoba Oil ‘Simmondsia chinensis’ in rats
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This study has evaluated the antibacterial effect of Jojoba oil (J.O) in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus. One hundred mature male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including the control groups and the groups treated with J.O. as part of the diet mixture (2.5% of total body weight). Our findings suggest a significant increase in body weight gain (94.0 ±5.404 g for J.O treated rats in comparison to 72.0...
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