Health policy development in an appropriate cultural context under social justice with full community awareness and participation is the key to achieving a successful population health outcome. This descriptive study reviewed Nigeria’s health policy, social determinants of the population health, the role of inequality and inequity in her life expectancy and the need for developing an acceptable culturally- appropriate health policy to improve her population health. With a population below poverty line at 70%; unemployment rate at 23.9%; household income or consumption by percentage share at 1.8% lowest and literacy level for males and females at 69.2% and 49.7% respectively; it identified poor income, gender discrimination and illiteracy as social determinants of health. It also found that inequality and inequity are inextricably linked to the 53.02years poor life expectancy at birth and that being aware of the culture of a community and taking that into cognizance, helps to channel one’s energy appropriately in getting better health results. This makes it possible for you to fashion your health intervention programs for better outcome. Efforts being made by Nigeria for better population health outcome includes; the health system strengthening through focus on primary health care and improved health insurance coverage; as well as economic empowerment of citizens through the national economic empowerment development strategy. It concluded that a successful culturally- appropriate policy development involves community support and community engagement.