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The
chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of
Sambucus ebulus: A review
M. Shokrzadeh1 and Saeedi S. S.
Saravi2*
1Department
of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran
University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,
Sari, Iran.
Corresponding author. E-mail:
dr_soheil_pharma@yahoo.com.
Tel: +98 911 353 7724. Fax: +98 151 354 3084.
Accepted 16 December, 2009 |
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Sambucus ebulus
is known as dwarf elder or elderberry. S. ebulus extracts are an
important area in drug development with numerous pharmacological
functions in the Middle East. However, their pharmacological functions
have not been clearly studied. For a long time, S. ebulus has
been prescribed in traditional medicines for the treatment of
inflammatory reactions, such as hemorrhoid, bites and sore-throat. In
addition, S. ebulus has recently been shown to have
anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic and
anti-oxidative activities. Ebulitin, ebulin 1, flavonoid, athocyanin and
other components have been isolated from S. ebulus and identified
as active ingredients of biological and pharmacological activities. Due
to the easy collection of the plant and remarkable biological
activities, this plant has become both food and medicine in the coastal
area of Iran. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on
the botanical, chemical, toxico-pharmacological and clinical aspects of
S. ebulus.
Key
words:
Sambucus ebulus, Adoxaceae, RIPs, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive,
anti-cancer, anti-oxidative.
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