Parasitological examination of Ava stream used in irrigation in Enugu State, South-Eastern Nigeria: An implication for helminth transmission
August 2013
The parasitological examination of Ava stream in Abakpa Nike, Enugu state, Nigeria, was investigated to identify the species and load of parasites in the stream. Five different sites were sampled; these sites were chosen based on the different anthropogenic activities going on around these sites. One litre sample each was collected from these sites and were preserved by the addition of 10% formaldehyde (2 ml/L), and...
The prevalence and risk factors associated with ovine lungworm infestation in the Asella province, Central Ethiopia
August 2013
A cross sectional study design was conducted in Asella province, Central Ethiopia from November 2009 to May 2010. The study was carried out for the purpose of determining the prevalence of lungworm infection in ovine through coproscopic and postmortem examination in the Asella province. Moreover, the study assesses the association of some bionomic factors on the different risk factors and the correlation between adult...
Urinary schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in two peri-urban communities in Southwest Nigeria
July 2013
A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April, 2010 among pre-school and school aged children in two peri-urban communities in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from the pre-school and school aged children, tested for microhaematuria using reagent strips, processed and examined for Schistosoma haematobium ova. Out of 274 pupils examined, 132 (48.2%) had infection, with no...
Entomological baseline data on malaria transmission and susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to insecticides in preparation for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in Atacora, (Benin)
July 2013
To implement indoor residual spraying (IRS), the department of Atacora was selected in Benin. Entomological surveys were performed before IRS implementation. Mosquitoes were sampled by Pyrethrum spray catch and were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite indices were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Molecular detection of pyrethroid knock...
In-vitro efficacy evaluation of amitraz 0.025% and diazinon 0.06% against Rhipicephalus pulchellus and Amblyomma gemma in Borena pastoral area, Southern rangeland of Ethiopia
June 2013
This study was conducted in Borena pastoral area, southern rangeland of Ethiopia to determine the in vitro efficacy of amitraz 0.025% and diazinon 0.06% against Rhipicephalus pulchellus and Amblyomma gemma using modified adult immersion. A total of 180 engorged adult female ticks (ninety ticks of each A. gemma and R. pulchellus species) were immersed in amitraz 0.025% or diazinon 0.06% at field recommended concentration...
Cryptosporidium oocysts in Anodonta sp. (bivalve mollusc) as indicators of pollution of Tiga Lake ecosystem in Kano State, Nigeria
June 2013
Bivalve molluscs are filter feeders and can bioaccumulate oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Tiga Lake in Kano State Nigeria is used for recreational, domestic and agricultural purposes by humans and also serves as a source of drinking water for animals. Bivalve molluscs from the lake are consumed by people. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Tiga Lake using edible Anodonta sp., (fresh...
Two years impact of single praziquantel treatment on urinary schistosomiasis in the Barombi Kotto focus, South West Cameroon
June 2013
To evaluate the impact of a single dose praziquantel on urinary schistosomiasis in the Barombi Kotto focus, urine samples were collected from 306 participants (279 school children and 27 volunteer parents) of the Barombi Kotto health area from May, 2007 to May, 2009 and were examined using the filtration technique. A malacological survey was conducted to identify and follow up the infection rates of the intermediate...
Camel hydatidosis: Prevalence and economic significance in pastoral regions of Ethiopia
June 2013
Camel hydatidosis was studied at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence and financial losses associated. From 501 camels slaughtered, 328 (65.47%) were found harboring hydatid cyst. The prevalence between females and males was statistically significant (ï£2=35.74; P=0.000). Additionally, the disease was significantly different among the age groups (ï£2=18.71; P=0.00) revealing higher prevalence in...
Cockroach and rodents infestation in Benue State University students’ hostel in Makurdi and their epidemiological implications
May 2013
Adverse housing conditions in homes and hostels are strongly associated with increased odds of both rodent and cockroach infestation. This study was designed to determine the species of rodents and cockroaches infesting university hostels, the extent of infestation and the methods of control practiced by students. Cockroaches and rodents were trapped using the Hercules mouse glue board. An average of 1.72 rats per room...
Seasonal prevalence of Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera: Oestridae) larvae in infested sheep in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
May 2013
Oestrus ovis L. (O. ovis) (Diptera: Oestridae) is a cosmopolitan agent of myiasis in sheep and goats. Sneezing and nasal discharges are the major clinical signs in infested animals. The present study was carried out to estimate the annual abundance of O. ovis in randomly selected male sheep heads in Jazan region. Survey conducted weekly for O. ovis during the period from November, 2010 to October, 2011, from...
Reuse of experimental huts for indoor residual spraying is feasible
April 2013
Experimental huts are costly investments for programs evaluating insecticides and researching mosquito behaviour. These huts can be used to evaluate indoor residual sprays for malaria control but when the hut trials finish, contamination by the long lasting insecticide treatments might prevent further use of the hut. To see if experimental huts could be reused after indoor residual spraying tests, huts in Cotonou,...
Prevalence of lungworm infection in small ruminants in North Gondar zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
April 2013
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and identification of the species of lungworms of small ruminants in four districts of Northwestern Amhara National Regional State. A total of 632 small ruminants were included in the study using coprologic procedures (565 animals) and post-mortem examination (87 animals). The study showed that the overall prevalence of lungworm infection was...
Two avian cestodes parasitic to Corvus species of Kashmir, India
April 2013
Three species of birds belonging to the genus Corvus (Corvus monedula, Corvus splendens and Corvus macrorhynchos) were collected from nine different localities of Kashmir valley and investigated for the presence of helminthes. Dilepis undula (Schrank, 1788) was recovered from all the three host species. While, Mayhewia kavini Chishti and Khan, 1982 was recovered only from C. monedula and no specimen of this cestode was...
Morphological diagnosis and occurrence of Blastocystis spp. obtained from the stool samples of domestic bird species commercialized in municipal markets
March 2013
Blastocystis hominis is a gastrointestinal tract parasite whose pathogenic role, and zoonotic potential remains unclear. Several microorganisms similar to B. hominis have been reported in a variety of non-human hosts, and described as Blastocystis spp. The study aimed to verify the occurrence of Blastocystis spp. in three species of poultry of two municipal markets, by observing the microorganisms’ forms in stool...
Mode of anticoccidial drug utilization and their financial cost in Benin litter-based exotic layer rearing system
March 2013
Anticoccidial drug mode of utilization and their financial cost in Benin litter-based commercial layer system were investigated on 81 layer farms with a total of 120 poultry flocks consisting of 81 adult and 39 young bird flocks. The collected data include bird age category, coccidiosis control program, the anticoccidial molecules, theirs financial prices and their mode of administration. Most of the farmers adopted the...
Laboratory feeding of Bulinus truncatus and Bulinus globosus with Tridax procumbens leaves
March 2013
Suitability of Tridax procumbens leaves in laboratory feeding of Bulinus truncatus and Bulinus globosus was assessed in comparison with Lactuca sativa between September and October, 2011. The snails were collected from Eri-lope stream in Ago-Iwoye, while T. procumbens were collected from the Mini Campus of the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ijebu North, Southwestern Nigeria. For B. truncatus, fresh, sun-dried...
Antiparasitic effects of the water extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) against some gastrointestinal nematodes in West African Long Legged goats
February 2013
An in vivo test was undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy of an aqueous extract of leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioïdes against nematode parasites in goats. The study used fifteen naturally infected West African Long Legged goats (Capra hircus) from Northern Benin. Three levels (1, 2 or 4 ml/kg body weight/3 days treatment) of concentration of the herbal drug were administrated to three experimental groups and...
Prevalence and intensity of nodular oesophagostomosis in West African long legged goats in Northern Benin
February 2013
This study was conducted between January and December, 2011 to assess the prevalence and intensity of nodular lesions caused by Oesophagostomum species into the intestine of Benin goats. Intestines of 384 West African Long Legged (WALL) goats, from Northern Benin, were examined during slaughter, and 241 intestines (62.8%) were found to be positive for nodular lesions. The infection rate was significantly (p < 0.05)...
The epidemiology of malaria among pregnant women in Garoua, Northern Cameroon
January 2013
Epidemiological studies of malaria in pregnant women who live in Garoua, malaria endemic areas are scarce. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and distribution of malaria in the area. A total of two hundred and forty (240) pregnant women participated in the survey from January to March, 2007. Out of the 240 pregnant women examined, 97 were found to have malarial infections during the study,...
Feeding habits of culicine mosquitoes in the Cameroon lowland forests based on stable isotopes and blood meal analyses
January 2013
Mosquito blood feeding behavior is a very significant component of pathogen transmission and determinant of disease epidemiology. Yet, knowledge of foraging ecology of mosquitoes often depends on the presence of undigested blood in the mosquito mid gut. Approximately 36 h after feeding, the blood meal is sufficiently digested to make identification by molecular techniques difficult, leaving a very narrow window in which...
Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and effectiveness of Praziquantel in school children in Finchaa valley, Ethiopia
November 2012
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world. Approximately 80% of the estimated 200 million people infected annually world-wide live in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia where Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium are widespread. Recently, Praziquantel has been reported to show low cure rates in different parts of the word. Since it is the only...
Relationship between the presence of kdr and Ace-1 mutations and the infection with Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles gambiae s.s. in Benin
November 2012
Several published reports have been devoted to insecticide resistance inAnopheles gambiae in Africa. However, there are still not enough published reports about the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission. In this study, we proposed to investigate the presence of the circum-sporozoite antigen ofPlasmodium falciparum in A....
Prevalence and speciation of hookworm in Plateau State, Nigeria
October 2012
This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and speciation of hookworm in Plateau State. 592 faecal samples were collected from patients with abdominal discomfort from six health facilities in the state and examined for presence of parasitic eggs or cysts. Among them, 147 (24.8%) were positive for at least one parasitic egg or cyst, whereas 39 (6.6%) had hookworm eggs alone. Hookworm was found in all the...
Epidemiology of haemonchosis in sheep and goats in Benin
October 2012
A helminthological study was carried out from December 2010 to November 2011 in order to establish the epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus infections in small ruminants of Benin. A total of 756 abomasums, collected from randomly selected goats and sheep from all regions of Benin has been examined....
Prevalence and characterization of hydatidosis in animals slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia
March 2012
Hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most important helminthzoonosis in the world. The distribution of hydatidosis is normally associated with underdeveloped countries, especially in rural communities where humans maintain close contact with dogs and various domestic animals, which may act as intermediate hosts. This study was conducted in order to determine the...
Prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites of domestic cats in Ode – Irele and Oyo communities, Southwest Nigeria
March 2012
An epidemiological survey was conducted on gastrointestinal parasites among population of cats in two sub-urban communities, Ode-Irele and Oyo in Southwest Nigeria between April and September, 2008. A total of 200 faecal samples collected from domestic cats were processed and examined for eggs and cyst of parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites obtained was 85.5%. The prevalences and intensities...
Prevalence of intestinal parasitoses among patients and staff of an institution for the mentally retarded
December 2011
Intestinal parasitoses remain a major problem in developing countries worldwide. Lack of current data on the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses in institutionalized populations in Puerto Rico prompted us to survey which parasites were endemic in an institution for the mentally retarded. Fecal samples obtained from 86 patients and 43 staff members were examined by direct smear, zinc sulfate flotation and Harada-Mori....
Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasites among Delgi school children, North Gondar, Ethiopia
December 2011
Epidemiological information on the prevalence of various intestinal parasitic infections and identification of local risk factors in different regions/localities is a prerequisite to develop appropriate control strategies. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and risk factors among school children. A cross sectional study involving 704 school children was conducted from 27...
Serological and parasitological prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in small holder farms of the Vina division, Adamawa region of Cameroon
November 2011
In the Adamawa region, the number one cattle-producing area in Cameroon, there is spacity of reliable data on bovine trypanosomosis and the disease epizootiology but animal breeders attribute huge economic losses to trypanosomosis in the complete absence of laboratory diagnosis. This led to the ugly situation where most sick animals are injected with trypanocides. Blood was collected from 330 zebu cattle in small holder...
Malaria in Finchaa Sugar Factory area in western Ethiopia: Assessment of malaria as public health problem in Finchaa Sugar Factory based on clinical records and parasitological surveys, western Ethiopia
November 2011
An assessment of the malaria prevalence and some of its risk factors was conducted in the Finchaa Sugar Factory estate, western Ethiopia, based on analysis of retrospective data from the health center, a cross-sectional survey using blood slides and a questionnaire. Over the period 2001 to 2005 average prevalence among suspected patients at the health centre was 30.9%. Examination of thick and thin blood films from a...
Biology of Anopheles gambiae and insecticide resistance: Entomological study for a large scale of indoor residual spraying in south east Benin
November 2011
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been proposed by the National Malaria Control Programme of Benin in the districts of Adjohoun, Dangbo, Misserete and Seme. Up to date entomological data are unavailable in these districts. To be effective, this measure must be based on the knowledge of biology of the malaria vectors. To achieve this aim, vector collections were made in the study area. A total of 49.059 Culicidae were...
Diversity of Anopheles species and prevalence of malaria in a highland area of western Kenya
September 2011
In the western highlands of Kenya malaria is an unpredictable disease with increasing frequency and intensity of transmission. Sometimes the disease occurs in form of severe outbreaks and epidemics that result in loss of human life and exerts a strain on public health services. This underscores the continued need for better understanding of the determinants of transmission of the disease in order to formulate specific...
Two new flea records from Guatemala: Pulex simulans and Echidnophaga gallinacea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), and their host-parasite relationship
September 2011
During bacterial zoonoses studies in 2009 to 2010, two common fleas (Pulexsimulans and Echidnophaga gallinacea) were collected and are reported herein for Guatemala for the first time. Their prevalence, mean intensity and abundance are also presented. Key words: Guatemala, Siphonaptera, Pulex simulans, Echidnophaga gallinacea, opossums, domestic carnivores.
Gender dimensions of knowledge, physical and psycho-social burden due to lymphatic filariasis in Benue State, Nigeria
February 2011
Understanding gender specific perceptions on lymphatic filariasis-related hydrocele and lymphoedema is critical to developing community health education materials. The study was aim at assessing villager’s knowledge and beliefs on the causes, transmission, prevention and socio-cultural issues on lymphatic filariasis using questionnaire survey method. Female respondents were more superstitious than their male...
Prevalence and fertility of hydatid cyst in slaughtered livestock of Urmia city, Northwest Iran
February 2011
Hydatidosis is one of the most important health problems in Iran. Scrutinizing disease situation in local intermediate and final hosts to find appropriate controlling and preventing methods is of special importance. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and types of hydatid cysts in entrails of slaughtered livestock in Urmia city. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, arranged with Veterinary Office...
Identification and characterization of an mRNA trans-splicing leader in Schistosoma japonicum
January 2011
RNA trans-splicing occurs in a wide range of eukaryotes, from protozoa to chordates. Here, the study presents the discovery of a spliced-leader (SL) RNA in the zoonotic trematode, Schistosoma japonicum. The 36-nucleotide SL in S. japonicum was derived from a 90-nucleotide non-polyadenylated RNA transcript encoded by 55 copies of SL genes dispersed throughout the genome. Differential transcription patterns of the SL gene...
Trace metal profiles of Nigerians with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense-infection
January 2011
We investigated the profile of some trace metals in human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) infected individuals in three Abraka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Thirty five seropositives were categorized as weakly positive (n = 9), moderately positive (n = 12) and strongly positive (n = 14). The iron concentrations for weakly, moderately and strongly positives when compared with control subjects...
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women in an IPTp setting in the Offinso District of Ghana
January 2011
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent and deadly of all the malaria species is known to be genetically diverse. This cross–sectional study assessed the genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasites in pregnant women in the Offinso District. Blood samples of pregnant women, irrespective of their intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) status, were examined for parasitaemia and species...
Prevalence of Phasi Charoen virus in female mosquitoes
January 2011
The authors previously characterized a partial nucleic acid sequence for a novel virus, Phasi Charoen virus (PhaV), which was isolated from Aedes aegypti larvae in Thailand, and PhaV appears to belong to the family Bunyaviridae based on phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences. In this study, we examined whether adult female mosquitoes in Thailand are infected by PhaV, and they found that over...
Heterogeneity of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Nyabushozi County, Kiruhura district, Uganda
November 2010
The diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes was studied for seven months in eight villages in Nyabushozi County, Kiruhura District, Uganda. The aim of the study was to identify sibling species of Anopheles gambiae S.L, and the Anopheles funestus group using ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction assays. A total of 2566 female A. gambiae S.L, and 270 A. funestus group...
Plasmodium falciparium transmission intensity in Nyabushozi County, Kiruhura district, Uganda
November 2010
The prevalence of malaria in human beings and Plasmodium falciparumsporozoite infection in Anopheles mosquitoes were studied for seven months in eight villages in Nyabushozi County, Kiruhura District, Uganda. The aim of the research work was to assess Plasmodium sporozoite infection rates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and link this with malaria prevalence. A total of 2566...
Comparative evaluation of Molluscicidal effects of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fres.) and Tephrosia bracteolata (Guilland Perr) on Bulinus globosus
November 2010
The molluscicidal activities of ethanoic and methanoic extracts of the leaf, stem bark and root of Securidaca longepedunculata (Polygalaceae) and Tephrosia brateolata (Fabaceae) against bred Bulinus globosus measured 0.50 - 0.90 mm in size, were investigated. The snails were exposed to a serial dilution of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppm of the...
Lactobacillus infection related to midgut protein synthesis in the dengue vector Aedes albopictus: Platform of non-symbiont bacteria for the control of Aedes vectors
March 2010
There have been a number of recent studies regarding the use of engineered insect symbiont bacteria for control of insect-borne diseases. However, searches for cultivable bacteria residing in the mosquito midgut have met with little success. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the human non-pathogenic lactobacilli on midgut protein synthesis in the dengue vector Aedes...
Evaluation of some cytokines in Iraqi patients with Kala-azar
March 2010
This study was carried out to investigate some cytokines (INF-g, IL-10, TNF-a) on blood samples of Iraqi children with Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) before and during treatment with stibogluconate and healthy people serving as control, using ELISA kits. Samples were confirmed parasitologically by bone marrow smears. The results of cytokine showed that there were significant increases in the levels of all the...
Accumulation of trehalose in temperature and moisture stressed infective (L3) and in hypobiotic (L4) larvae of Haemonchus contortus in goats
February 2010
A study was conducted to investigate the accumulation of trehalose in infective third (L3) stage of Haemonchus contortus induced for hypobiosis by exposure to gradual increase in temperature and decrease in moisture. Trehalose content in stressed L3, hypobiotic (L4) and mature H. contortus was estimated by densitometry. It was established that infective (L3) larvae subjected to moisture stress...
The prevalence of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitus) and bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus) in selected human settlement areas in Southwest, Lagos state, Nigeria
February 2010
The current study is to evaluate the prevalence and intensity of common ectoparasites (Pediculus humanus capitus (Head lice) and Cimex hemipterus(Bedbugs) in selected areas in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria between July and December, 2008. Five areas in Lagos State, Nigeria (Ojo, Mushin, Ikorodu, Badagry and Ajeromi) were randomly sampled and included in the study for the occurrence of...
Response of Culex quinquefasciatus to deltamethrin in Lahore district
October 2009
In the present study, both male and females of Culex quinquefasciatus were sampled from five different localities of Lahore District of Punjab, Pakistan. (that is, Jaman, Mohlanwal, Noorpur Bhatta A1, Yohanaabad–2 and GCU Lahore). Bioassays against 5% deltamethrin were performed to evaluate the level of resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus against deltamethrin. For the adult bioassays...
Gonotrophic age structure of mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) and possible influences on host meal selection
October 2009
The age structure and mortality rates of Culex pipiens populations are critical to measures of vector capacity since each bloodmeal affords a chance of the female becoming infected. We examine the parous rate (proportion of females that had laid at least one egg boat) at two study sites to determine life-history parameters. Mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited CDC miniature light...
Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in a rural community of central Mexico
August 2009
Inhabitants of a rural community in Mexico were analyzed for intestinal parasites, 34% of the 115 people studied were positive by Faust’s technique; stream water was also analyzed for parasites, 4/7 sites were positive and these were located near the natural source of drinking water. A questionnaire with social, health and demographic variables was applied to heads of households in search of associations with...
Fluorescence can be used to trace the fate of exogenous micro-organisms inside the alimentary tract of mosquitoes
August 2009
There is a great deal of current research interest in utilising bacteria for the control of intractable arthropod-borne diseases such as dengue. Although there is accumulating evidence that bacterial infection is a promising control strategy, most studies on bacteria-insect interactions lacked useful markers for detecting pathogenesis. This provided the impetus to investigate bacterial infection in the...
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