Plant architecture and its responses to high planting density and low fertilizer of reduced culm number mutants in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
July 2011
Plant architecture is of major agronomic importance as it determines the potential grain yield depending on environmental conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we characterized plant architecture and its response to low fertilizer and high planting density in five rice “reduced culm number (rcn)” mutants; “rcn1-2, rcn2, rcn4-2, rcn5and rcn6”, originating...
A breeding scheme for local adoption of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
July 2011
In many rural communities, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant varieties are being rejected by farmers owing to their inferior root qualities when compared to locally adapted varieties. In response to this challenge, we implemented a breeding scheme whose objective was to combine CMD resistance with farmer preferred root qualities, whose genes were respectively sourced for elite and local varieties. We...
Reactions of traditional upland and aerobic rice genotypes to rice root knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola)
July 2011
Aerobic rice cultivation is an efficient water saving strategy which maintains a significantly higher yield than traditional upland varieties. The upland rice in South East Asia is largely affected by parasitic rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicolacausing severe yield losses. In the present investigation 14 widely cultivated traditional upland varieties and 45 breeding genotypes improved for...
Development of new early maturing and high yielding bread wheat lines for growing in newly reclaimed desert areas of Egypt
June 2011
Conventional wheat breeding programs aim at developing high yielding cultivars suitable for sowing under stress conditions and poor soils especially in newly reclaimed deserts. The objective of the current study was to develop high yielding and early maturing bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines adapted to grow in old and new reclaimed desert soils of Egypt. Expressed Sequence Tags...
Activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in grains of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars subjected to water stress during grain filling
June 2011
Developmental changes in the starch and soluble sugars content of grains and the activities of sucrose metabolism enzymes in drought-tolerant (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zagros) and drought-sensitive with high yielding potential under favorable conditions (cv. Marvdasht) wheat genotypes were investigated under controlled water deficit during grain filling. The two cultivars were grown in pots under...
Assessing phenotypic diversity of interspecific rice varieties using agro-morphological characterization
May 2011
The aim of this study is to identify the phenotypic variability of 60 lowland NERICA varieties and 18 promising lines for better management of their genetic inheritance. The experimental design used was an augmented randomized complete block. Data on 23 agro-morphological traits were collected and analyzed. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (P<0.0001) between the variables and...
Diversity of Myanmar cowpea accessions through seed storage polypeptides and its cross compatibility with the subgenus Ceratotropis
May 2011
This study was conducted to detect the genetic diversity of sixty eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) accessions mainly from Myanmar on the basis of protein subunit variations. Fourteen polymorphic bands were recorded out of total 18 resolution bands and the banding pattern revealed four regions. The UPGMA dendrogram showed two distinct clusters. It revealed random grouping of different colored...
Determination of genetic variability for physiological traits related to drought tolerance in African rice (Oryza glaberrima)
April 2011
Relative water content, water potential and transpiration of Africa rice (Oryza glaberrima) were investigated in a controlled condition under phytotron. Two Oryza sativa cultivars, IR55423-01 (a drought tolerant genotype) and IR64 (drought sensitive genotype) and 8 O. glaberrima accessions were grown under droughted and watered conditions. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was...
Selection of yam seeds from open pollination for adoption in yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) production zones in Nigeria
April 2011
Yam improvement through hybridization has suffered a lot of challenges over the years. Poor or non flowering of candidate parents, lack of synchrony in flowering of male and female genotypes, flowering intensity that varies with season and location, pests and diseases and other factors have serious obstacles limiting progress in yam hybrid production. This paper discussed the origin, germination and...
Farmers’ participatory selection for early bulking cassava genotypes in semi-arid Eastern Kenya
March 2011
Cassava is an important food security crop in semi-arid, Eastern Kenya, but production is constrained by planting late bulking landraces. Therefore, farmer participatory variety selection was initiated with the aim of identifying early bulking varieties with preferred root qualities. Four popular local varieties were crossed with six early-bulking varieties selected from IITA germplasm in a North...
Genetic diversity analysis in different varieties of black gram using RAPD markers
March 2011
The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variation and resolving cultivars identities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and relationships among 8 black gram (Vigna mungo) varieties from diverse geographic locations of U.P. and Andhra Pradesh, (India) using random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) markers. Forty decamer -...
Use of a liquid inoculum of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus hoi in rice plants cultivated in a saline Gleysol: A new alternative to inoculate
February 2011
The functioning and efficacy of a liquid inoculum containing spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus hoi previously isolated from saline soil, were evaluated over growth and production of Oryza sativa plants cultivated under flooding conditions. Growth dynamics, grains weight, panicles number, as well as panicles weight were determined in the rice plants. Other...
Adaptation of Moroccan durum wheat varieties from different breeding eras
February 2011
The continuous technological and environmental changes are reasons for periodical re-evaluation of variety performances and adaptation. The objective of this work was to re-assess the adaptation of the main registered durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. L. durum) varieties in Morocco. Twenty three varieties were tested in six sites and during four consecutive growing seasons 2001 to 2005. The...
Evaluation of eucalyptus essential oil against some plant pathogenic fungi
February 2011
Antifungal activity of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) essential oil was evaluated and suppressed the mycelial growth of postharvest pathogenic fungi, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and soilborne pathogenic fungi, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogenic fungi. The experiment was...
Identification of coupling- and repulsion-phase markers in rice for brown planthopper resistance genes using F2S of IR 50 X CO 46
January 2011
Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is one of the most threatening pests, often significantly reducing the rice yield. The breeding of resistant cultivar has been the most effective way of controlling this pest. Recent advancements in DNA marker technology together with the concept of marker-assisted selection (MAS) provide new solutions for...
Genetic studies in relation to yield and quality traits in rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
January 2011
The experimental material comprised of 45 F1s generated by crossing ten diverse genotypes of rajmash(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a diallel mating design. The set of 45 test cross progenies along with their ten parents were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications at the Pulse Research Substation, SKUAST-K Habak, KVK Farm SKUAST-K Pombai, Anantnag...
Genotypic and phenotypic interrelationships among yield and yield components in Egyptian bread wheat genotypes
January 2011
Two field experiments were conducted in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Ten Egyptian bread wheat genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and evaluated for eight characters. The aim was to study the phenotypic and genotypic correlations and genotypic path analysis for...
Participatory selection and characterization of quality protein maize (QPM) varieties in Savanna agro-ecological region of DR-Congo
December 2010
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop for human nutrition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR- Congo). Prevailing normal maize is deficient in two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. Participatory variety selection was applied to select diversified quality protein maize (QPM) varieties that possess farmers’ preferred plant and grain traits. The varieties were planted with...
Combining ability studies over environments in Rajmash (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) in Jammu and Kashmir, India
December 2010
The experimental material comprised 45 F1’s generated by crossing ten diverse lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a half diallel fashion and their parents were evaluated in RBD in two replications at three locations during Kharif, 2008. The pooled analysis revealed that both gca and sca were influenced by environments, which suggested that studies are being conducted...
DNA content of several bermudagrass accessions in Florida
December 2010
Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is widely used on golf courses and sport fields in Florida. Most cultivars used on golf courses are triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) resulting from hybridizations between tetraploid common bermudagrass and diploid African bermudagrass. In order to breed and develop bermudagrass...
Host selection behaviour of aphid parasitoids (Aphidiidae: Hymenoptera)
November 2010
Biological control is the central stone of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) paradigm and natural enemies are becoming an increasingly desirable prospect. Parasitoids are a widely used group of invertebrate natural enemies as biological control agents and several species are being used to control various aphid pests. In recent years, an increasing emphasis is being given to the conservation and...
Effect of different sowing dates on the yield and yield components of direct seeded fine rice (Oryza sativa L.)
November 2010
The research was conducted to study the response of yield and yield components of direct seeded fine rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different sowing dates during 2008 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications having net plot size of 4 x 3 m. Experiment comprised of six different sowing dates that is...
Effects of Gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid spray on fruit yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
November 2010
Experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, centeral rift valley of Ethiopia from September 2008 to January 2009 with the objective to determine the effects of different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and gibberellic acid (GA3) spray on fruit yield and quality of tomato. The experiment consisted of two tomato varieties-one processing (Roma VF)...
Sustainable use of plant protection products in Nigeria and challenges
October 2010
Nigeria’s drive to boost food security and to fight off insect pests and yield-limiting crop pathogens has led to an unintended consequence: the mass importation and build-up of obsolete and toxic pesticides. Nigerian farmers have been relying heavily on these agrochemicals for the control of various weeds, insect pests and pathogens, leading to the high importation of these products. Although...
Effect of Eucalyptus pollen isolation methods on pollen viability, debris content, quantity isolated and pollen density per stigma
October 2010
Success of interspecific hybridization in Eucalyptus depends on the availability of contamination free, clean and viable pollen from elite paternal trees. Unlike the natural process of open pollination, control pollination (CP) in Eucalyptus orchards, is a slow, tedious and labour-intensive procedure that involves high costs, but results in low seed yields. In order to overcome these...
Agronomic and molecular evaluation of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of lentil
October 2010
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and morphological markers were studied to compare the efficiency of both marker systems in the evaluation of twenty five lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and four testers. Data on 13 morphological traits were collected and analyzed. A total of 240 polymorphic SRAP’s bands (76.7%) were scored using four...
Screening of superior chickpea genotypes for various environments of Iran using genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis
October 2010
Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environment trials (MET) and on the basis of multiple traits. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of genotype (G) and genotype × environment interaction (GE) on grain yield of 17 chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) in six different research stations of Iran. GGE (G plus GE) biplot methodology was used to evaluate...
Genetic diversity for sustainability of rice crop in Indian Punjab and its implications
October 2010
The varietal diversity in rice crop in Indian Punjab has been increasing at a fast rate due to variable soil and climatic conditions and variable objective functions of the farmers. In spite of the fact that productivity of rice increased over time, as a result of improvement in technology and its fast adoption, the declining resource base, particularly water, soil health and pest resistance, the genetic...
Application of advanced backcross QTL analysis in crop improvement
August 2010
Domestication of crops is widely believed to be accompanied by a bottleneck that greatly reduces genetic diversity. This narrowing of genetic diversity restricts crop plant improvement by limiting the range of valuable traits available for use in modern plant breeding. Wild species are a broad resource to widen the germplasm and improve the traits in crop cultivars. However, genetic variation between species...
Development and use of microsatellites markers for genetic variation analysis, in the Namibian germplasm, both within and between populations of marama bean (Tylosema esculentum)
August 2010
Tylosema esculentum (marama) has long been identified as a candidate crop for arid and semi-arid environments due to its success in these environments and the high nutritional value of the seed. Molecular markers are essential for the assessment of the levels of genetic variation present within and between populations of marama as well for future marker-assisted breeding efforts. Microsatellites were...
Evaluation of head yield and participatory selection of horticultural characters in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)
August 2010
Cabbage is an important leafy vegetable in sub-Saharan Africa, yet breeding and seed production activities take place in Europe and Asia. Participatory evaluation of varieties alongside head yield was carried out to select preferred varieties. Field experiments were conducted during the 2008 long rainy season and the 2008/09 short rainy season at AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center, Regional Center for...
Development of a fast and reliable ozone screening method in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
August 2010
A rapid and reliable screening method for rice ozone tolerance was developed to enhance evaluation technique in determining the reaction of tolerant and susceptible genotypes at the early stage of growth. Plant growth parameters were measured to evaluate ozone effects on the growth of seedlings which can be later used as criteria for ozone tolerance. Plants were subjected to 0.3 and 1 ppm ozone using 15 and...
Comparative effects of water deficit on Medicago laciniata and Medicago truncatula lines sampled from sympatric populations
August 2010
We evaluated the responses to water deficit of twelve lines of Medicago laciniataand Medicago truncatula including eight lines from four Tunisian sympatric populations of both species, and four references lines of M. truncatula. They were exposed to two water treatments, well irrigated and drought-stress (33% of field capacity) for a period of 45 days. At harvest, we measured five...
Structural features of a cytoplasmic male sterility source from Helianthus resinosus, CMS RES1
July 2010
Comparisons in the structural organization of mitochondrial DNA between a cytoplasmic male sterility source from Helianthus resinosus (CMS RES1) and HA89 fertile line have been performed surrounding coxIII and atp9 genes. Differences have also been recognized by PCR analyses between HA89 (CMS RES1) and either HA89 (CMS PET1) or HA89 (CMS MAX1), indicating that the molecular basis of their...
Variability in sucrose content at grand growth phase in tissues of Saccharum officinarum × Saccharum spontaneum inter-specific hybrid progeny
July 2010
The variability for sucrose content in existing commercial sugarcane germplasm is not large and hence crosses were made between two Saccharum officinarumclones, ‘Gungera’ (cross I) and ‘Keong’ (cross II) with high sucrose content and a clone of Saccharum spontaneum ‘SES 603’ with low sucrose content. A high sucrose commercial var. CoS 8436 was...
Combining the yield ability and secondary traits of selected cassava genotypes in the semi-arid areas of Eastern Kenya
July 2010
Despite the importance of cassava for food security in semi-arid areas of Kenya, there is a lack of information regarding gene action determining yield of local varieties. Therefore the objective of this study was to estimate the combining ability for yield and associated secondary traits by crossing popular local varieties with some varieties from IITA using a NC II mating design. The F1 progenies...
Multivariate analysis of genetic divergence in twenty two genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
July 2010
Twenty-two groundnut genotypes collected from different germplasm centers were cultivated in Botanical nursery of the Lagos State University Ojo-Campus during the raining season of 2009. The data collected on 33 characters were subjected to multivariate analysis to study the variability within the genotypes and to determine the efficiency of the methods in classifying genotypes. The first three axes each...
Screening rice genotypes for drought resistance in Egypt
July 2010
A series of experiments were conducted under normal and drought conditions to examine the magnitude of yield response of diverse genotypes to drought stress and to identify traits that may confer drought resistance. Thirty-three local and exotic rice entries including 18 Egyptian genotypes (selected from Fn generation of the breeding for drought tolerance program, Rice Research and Training Center, Egypt),...
Growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as influenced by farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer
July 2010
The growth and yield of Ashley variety of cucumber in response to the effect of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer NPK 20:10:10 was evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria Lat 6°45’N and long 6°08’E. The farmyard manure was applied at the rates of 0, 5 and 10 t/ha and the inorganic fertilizer at 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha. The...
Tn5 tagging biomonitoring of Rhizobium inoculants
June 2010
Sinorhizobium freddi R0132, which forms nitrogen fixing nodules in association with Vigna radatia L. and fix nitrogen symbiotically, was the bioinoculant used in this study. Drug resistant S. freddi R0132::Tn5 remained constant at 40°C higher levels temperature for about 35 days (5 weeks) from the date of inoculation in solarzied and autoclaved biomanure VC-MA. The Tn5...
Variation in streptomycin-induced bleaching and dark induced senescence of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes and their relationship with yield and adaptability
June 2010
Variation in streptomycin sensitivity and dark sensitivity of 36 rice genotypes of 3 different maturity groups was studied. Streptomycin sensitivity and dark sensitivity of rice genotypes were expressed in terms of bleaching index (BI) and senescence index (SI) respectively. Genotypes of each maturity group showed wide variation in their BI / SI value. The objective of this investigation was to find...
Biplot analysis of grain yield in barley grown under differing management levels in years of contrasting season-end drought
June 2010
Variance analysis and graphical biplots were used to understand the nature of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in a grain yield data set obtained from 39 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes grown in 18 environments (a combination of three sowing dates, two crop protection treatments and three years) at Holetta, central highlands of Ethiopia. Genotype × year interaction was...
Molecular markers for Capsicum frutescens varieties cultivated in Borneo
June 2010
This paper describes the isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci inCapsicum frutescens varieties cultivated in Borneo, Malaysia. A total of 58 putative microsatellites distributed across 29 sequences were isolated from a genomic library enriched for microsatellites. Ten locus specific polymorphic molecular markers were developed and applied to determine the levels of genetic diversity...
Multivariate analysis of agronomic and quality traits of hull-less spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
May 2010
A study was conducted to characterize a world collection of hull-less barley using multivariate traits. Significant variations were observed among genotypes in grain yield and grain physical characteristics. Genotypic as well as environmental effects were important for the variations occurred in chemical contents. Total phenolic content ranged from 166.0 to 295.0 mg/100 g ferulic acid equivalent. The total...
Cry 1Ac levels and biochemical variations in Bt cotton as influenced by tissue maturity and senescence
May 2010
Quantification of Cry 1Ac protein in two field-grown Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton hybrids (MECH-184, RCH-2) was performed in relation to tissue maturity. Leaves of upper, middle and lower canopies and in bolls and bracts attached to the plant were chosen. Similar measurements were also made in fully mature tagged leaves attached to plants in the upper canopy and excised leaf discs. The leaf discs were...
Genetic variability among forty-three cassava genotypes in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria
May 2010
Forty-three cassava genotypes were evaluated to assess genetic variability for root yield and its components at three locations (Ibadan, Mokwa and Onne) in Nigeria, during 2004 - 2005 cropping season. Data were collected for cassava mosaic disease (CMD), cassava bacterial blight (CBB), sprouting, plant height, root number, root weight, shoot weight and root dry matter. Genotype x location interaction was...
Genotype x environment interactions and heritability of quantitative resistance to net blotch in Tunisian barley
May 2010
A doubled-haploid barley population derived from a cross between the Tunisian cultivar ‘Roho’ and the local line ‘90’ was used to assess the genotype x environment interaction, heritability estimates and correlations between disease parameters of net blotch resistance at adult growth stage in three environments. Net blotch reaction was evaluated using the mass disease index, the area...
Genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium of two homologous genes to maize D8: Sorghum SbD8 and pearl millet PgD8
May 2010
Yield and yield stability of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] are highly influenced by flowering time andphotoperiodic sensitivity in the arid to semi-arid regions of West and Central Africa.Photoperiodic sensitivity is the key adaptation trait of local landraces because it assures flowering at the end of the rainy season,...
Correlation and path coefficient analyses in sunflower
May 2010
Correlation and path coefficient analysis were studied in twenty four diverse genotypes of sunflower in order to understand the relationship and contribution on eight characters towards the grain yield. The yield kg per plant exhibits highly significant and positive correlation with number of seeds per head, head length in diameter and 1000-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient...
Assessment of dissimilar gamma irradiations on barley (Hordeum vulgare spp.)
April 2010
Hordeum vulgare (barley), is an important agricultural crop for food, feed and also has been used virtually worldwide as a model plant for biological research. It is a diploid crop with a low chromosome number (2n = 14) and targeted as a proper crop for intense research on mutagenesis, mutagens and mutants (Khattak and Klopfenstein, 1989). Recently, heavy-ion beams have been used as novel and efficient...
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