Serum markers as better predictors than Ranson, Imrie, and APACHE II systems in identifying the severity of acute pancreatitis
October 2011
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the predictability of various scoring systems and serum markers in the assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis. All consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were prospectively studied. Body mass index was measured at the time of admission. The demographic data, etiology, mean hospital; stay, clinical, radiological, biochemical findings, morbidity, and...
Ethnozoological study of traditional medicinal animals used by the people of Kafta-Humera District, Northern Ethiopia
October 2011
Zootherapy is the healing of human ailments by using therapeutics based medicines obtained from animals. The present study reports the use of drugs of animal origin that have been practiced by the people of Kunama in Kafta-Humera district, Northern Ethiopia. Ethnozoological data was collected from 30 traditional healers who were selected based on their experience and recognition as experts from September to...
Computational design of cardiac activity
October 2011
Cardiovascular physics is an interdisciplinary research area where the ideas and methods from mathematics, physics, and biology are synergistically applied for advanced medical diagnosis. The research on cardiac activity includes the development of efficient quantitative techniques and theoretical approaches, as well as the use of mathematical reasoning to gain insight into the cardiovascular system. However,...
Polymorphisms of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair gene XRCC1 and risk of colon cancer in Saudi patients
September 2011
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), C194T, G399A, and G280A, in the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene with the risk of developing colon cancer in Saudi patients. Samples of 65 colon cancer patients, aged 45 to 80 years old, and 65 age-matched controls were genotyped. The results demonstrated that...
Morphometric study of endoscopic approach to the cerebellopontine angle
September 2011
Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors account for 10% of all intracranial tumors. The endoscopic approach to CPA is being used increasingly as the availability of variable angled endoscope allow for operative views of lesions at angles not visible by the microscope and it is minimally invasive. The authors present findings based on the endoscopic study performed on three cadaveric heads (six sides) through...
Radiological findings of breast cancer screening in a newly equipped centre
September 2011
This study is to appraise the imaging findings of all patients that came into the breast imaging unit for screening and perhaps buttress the importance of a government policy guideline on screening and treatment for breast cancer in Nigeria. This prospective study was carried out among all consecutive patients that came for screening in the breast imaging unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital...
L-arginine treatment alters the pattern of rat maternal aggressive response toward an intruder entering the homing cage
August 2011
Maternal aggression toward intruders is temporarily expressed during lactation in association with the rearing and protection of offspring to promote their survival and growth. This normal component of maternal behaviour that requires both the hormonal changes occur at the end of pregnancy and due to the presence of newborn for its establishment analyzed in Wistar rats. The effects of nitric oxide (NO) by...
Hepatoprotective potentials of Butea monosperma stem bark extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats
August 2011
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) pharmacological tool was used to produce liver damage in rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and extract of Butea monosperma (shown to be hepatoprotective substances) prevented the CCl4 induced toxicity. Hydroalcholic extract of the stem bark of B. monosperma was evaluated for its hepatoprotective. This in vitroefficacy was reinforced by a significant dose...
Third degree burns in female Wister rats: The corollary on estrous cycle and ovarian histo-architectural organization
August 2011
Burn is a coagulative necrosis of skin and variable amount of deeper tissues produced by thermal energy. Studies have shown that severe burn affects male fertility, female burn survivor are not immune to post burn effects, they are also affected. To examine the effects of third degree burns (TDB) on estrous cycle and the ovarian histology in Wister rats. A total of fifteen adult female albino rats weighing...
Primary application of the personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) in persons with special needs: A case study of the personality of a deaf person
August 2011
The disruption of deafness, as a disturbance of consciousness (sensory impairment), affects human development and may produce psychological and emotional problems. There are some common features of the personality of people with hearing disabilities, which are considered to be intrinsic to the nature of their possible psychiatric problems. From the very minority monitored, the deaf psychiatric patients...
Comparative antimicrobial activities of some plant extracts and commercial antibiotics against some selected pathogens of food origin
August 2011
The antimicrobial activities of three plants (Momordica charantia, Morinda lucida, andHunteria umbellata) were investigated. These plants were extracted using methanol and ethanol as solvents. These extracts were used to evaluate the growth of five food borne bacteria namely; Bacillus sp, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus sp., Shigella sp.,Lactobacillus sp., and the...
Enhancing quality of healthcare under the national health insurance system: Identification of factors reducing quality of care in Taiwan
August 2011
This study examines whether the quality of community health in Taiwan has improved after the establishment of the National Health Insurance (NHI); to identify what the related factors are that affect the quality, and to find the possible ways to improve key drivers of healthcare quality. Data were collected from the National Health Insurance Annual Statistics Information Database and the Taipei Health...
Asymptomatic intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants in Mexico City, Mexico
July 2011
Intestinal protozoan is still an important public health problem. We aimed to gain insight into the dynamics of intestinal protozoan infection with a view to describing the prevalence of intestinal protozoan in asymptomatic individuals in Mexico City, Mexico. The study population was primarily both in and out patients from four different hospitals who were referred for routine stool examination. Faecal...
Factors influencing the choice of family planning among couples in South West Nigeria
July 2011
The study investigated factors influencing the choice of family planning among couples in South West Nigeria. Six hundred couples were selected from five South Western States in Nigeria through a multistage sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to collect information from the subjects. Five research questions were raised and five hypotheses were formulated, chi-square statistics was employed for the...
Nasal septal hematoma: Using tubular nasal packs to achieve immediate nasal breathing after drainage
July 2011
Nasal septal hematoma is the collection of blood between the cartilage or bony septum and its mucoperichondrium or mucoperiosteum. The most common symptoms in children include nasal obstruction, pain, and rhinorrhoea. Asymmetries of the septum with a bluish or reddish fluctuance suggest a hematoma. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may result in abscess formation, septal perforation and...
Splenic rupture in neonate with hemolytic anemia
July 2011
Splenic rupture is relatively a rare and life threatening situation in the newborn. The classic triad of the disease is shock, anemia, and abdominal distension. Non-traumatic etiologies are seldom and one of them is exchange transfusion which was performed due to underlying erythroblastosis fetalis as discussed. A high index of suspicion and prompt treatment are critical to the survival of these...
Seroprevalence and epidemiological factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Eastern Sudan
July 2011
This study was conducted at Kassala, Eastern Sudan between March and April 2011, to determine the seroprevalence and epidemiological risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among healthy people visited Kassala Teaching Hospital, eastern Sudan. 5 ml of blood were drawn from each subject, after immediate centrifugation, the sera were tested for HBsAg using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay...
The theoretical strategy for overweight and obesity intervention programs in adult population
June 2011
The theoretical strategy for overweight and obesity, which consist of many factors, is reviewed. As the main theoretical strategy, many intervention programs are known as theory framework; examples of theory framework selection, theory framework with overweigh and obesity intervention programs, theory framework to practice example, theory with client, theory with practitioners, theory with disciplines, fit...
Aquatic toxicity of various pharmaceuticals on some isolated plankton species
June 2011
Four drugs belonging to different therapeutic classes were chosen to examine their toxicity on some plankton organisms of different trophic levels. They include algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Ankestrodesmus falcatus), protozoa (Paramecium caudatum), rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) and cladocerans (Daphnia longispina). The tested drugs are erythromycin (antibiotic), fluoxetine (antidepressant),...
Correlation between apoptosis and toxoplasma in abortion induction: Relevance of caspase 8
June 2011
A total of 120 women with spontaneous abortion and 6 women with induced abortion from medical causes were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, for the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunohistochemistry method for the detection of antigen in tissue were used as diagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii. Twenty-six (26) women were found to...
Allele and genotype frequencies of cytochrome P450 2B6 and 2C19 genetic polymorphisms in the Nigerian populations: Possible implication on anti-retroviral and anti-malarial therapy
June 2011
The study was carried out to investigate the distribution of polymorphic CY2B6 andCYP2C19 alleles and genotype frequencies in the three major Nigeria ethnic groups in order to evaluate their implications on therapeutic outcome. Three hundred unrelated subjects from the three major Nigerian ethnic groups of Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba who consented to the study were genotyped...
Emotion recognition based on the asymmetric left and right activation
June 2011
We obtained EEG (eclectrocephalogram) data from 34 healthy subjects while they were watching emotion-inducing videos and we also developed a real-time emotion monitoring system based on the resulting data. When analyzed from the left and right asymmetric EEG data in each emotion state as compared to the rest state (p<0.1), the alpha wave significantly decreased only at the left temporal lobe for the...
Association of anti-MCV autoantibodies with SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) overlapping with various syndromes
June 2011
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) both are the systemic autoimmune diseases. Their etiology is still unknown but it is believed that genetic, immunological and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. A total of 61 SLE patients were included in the study. This study is purely related to SLE patients. Here, anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin...
Effects of ethanolic extract of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg) on some heamatological indices in albino rats
June 2011
In spite of wide spread biological uses of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), there is a dearth of information on its effects on haematological indices. This work was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extract of M. fragrans on some haematological indices using albino rat as a model. Twenty four (24) Wistar strain albino rats weighing 140 to 160 g were...
Effect of monosodium glutamate on hematological parameters in Wistar rats
June 2011
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive commonly consumed as a flavor enhancer. However, both animal models and human clinical reports have established its harmful effects. The rats in two groups (A1 and B1) were administered with 5.5 g/kg body weight (b.wt) and 2.75 g/kg b.wt of MSG for 14 and 28 days respectively each, while Groups A2 and B2 were withdrawal groups for A1 and...
Hepatitis B outbreak investigation report in Sabarkantha District, Gujarat State, February 2009
May 2011
During the ongoing outbreak of Hepatitis-B in State of Gujarat as on April 11, 2009, total 593 confirmed cases had been registered with 94 deaths of unfortunate victims. It had been a major Public Health Challenge as the significant no. of deaths occurred over a short period in a focal area of the State and the Epidemiological Investigations carried out with the help of various departments and Institutions...
Spinal subdural hematoma associated with phenytoin use
May 2011
A rare case of spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is reported in a patient who was receiving phentoin. The hematoma occurred because of combined effects of trauma and underlying haematological disturbance induced by phenytoin. A young male who was a known case of seizure disorder and was receiving phenytoin for last 10 years presented with history of seizure followed by fall from one storey of his house. This...
Histopathologic analysis of benign breast diseases in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria
May 2011
Most breast pathologies are benign. Benign breast diseases (BBD) constitute a spectrum of lesions ranging from developmental abnormalities, inflammatory lesions, epithelial and stromal proliferations to various neoplasms. Some of the women with BBD, especially those with proliferative lesions have been reported to be at increased risk for development of subsequent breast cancer. This is a retrospective...
Cell surface protein expression of stem cells from human adipose tissue at early passage with reference to mesenchymal stem cell phenotype
May 2011
Research is now being focused on stem cell therapy for repair of diseased and damaged tissues. Various sources for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified. The ideal source of MSCs is still unclear. An ideal source for MSCs should be one which could be easily accessed, causes minimal patient discomfort and also gives a high yield of cells with characteristic cell surface protein expression of MSCs...
Evaluation of leucocyte and its subgroups in iron deficiency anemia
May 2011
In this study, leukocyte, granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte count was evaluated in patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Complete blood count data from 84 patients (with iron deficiency anaemia) admitted to our hospital’s paediatrics and general medicine outpatient clinics, and 109 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated retrospectively. Complete blood count analyses were performed...
Orofacial changes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated in Brasil
May 2011
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammation of the CNS that due to its demyelination nature may present different clinical conditions. Manifestations in orofacial complex can be assessed as the first sign of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial alterations in MS patients and relate them to the clinical form of the disease. We developed a cross-sectional study that...
Quantification of viral load in clinical specimens collected from different body sites of patients infected with influenza viruses
May 2011
Viral shedding proï¬le of infections caused by the novel influenza A (pH1N1) virus has not been extensively studied. In the present study we aimed to compare the influenza viral load in clinical specimens collected from different body sites of patients to analyze the best specimen for detecting viral load and predicting disease severity. The respiratory specimens (throat and nasal swabs), urine and serum...
Staphylococcus aureus isolated from septic caesaerean wound at Ile Ife Nigeria: Antibiotics susceptibility patterns
May 2011
Strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from a 36-year old woman presented with septic caesaerean wound. The isolates were Gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase positive; heamolysed blood plasma and liquefied gelatin. However, they were methyl red and Voges Proskaur test negative and fermented sugars with acid production. They produced gas only in glucose and lactose. Some of the...
Antibiotics sensitivity patterns of Escherichia coli and Aerobacter aerogenes isolated from well water in Ile–Ife, Nigeria
May 2011
Ten wells were arbitrarily chosen for study in Sabo area in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The water samples were collected to estimate the extent of faecal pollution and the probable health hazard the use of these well waters can impound on the community. Coliform count was determined using the Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique. The indicator organisms in this study were Escherichia coli and Aerobacter...
Role of EEG and CT scan in partial seizures in children
May 2011
Seizures disorders are the most prevalent serious neurological disease. Partial seizures are the most common form of seizures in children. This study was carried to determine the etiology and intracranial lesions in children with partial seizures with prospective study through the period of 5 years. One hundred and seventy two children with partial seizures (>2 attacks) were included in the study. All...
Chikungunia outbreaks in new regions as a sign of ecological ill health: Re-examining vector borne disease in the context of climate change
April 2011
The Indian capital city of Delhi reported its first ever case of Chikungunya in June 2007. However, the way this case was detected, and reported raises serious issues related to general epidemiology and disease surveillance. This incident being the first reported case of Chikungunya from the resident of Delhi also raises much larger concern of changing infectious disease dynamics. The objectives of this study...
Acute fracture of OS trigonum wıth cartilaginous articulation
April 2011
Os trigonum as one of the most common accessory ossicles of foot, may have a fibrocartilaginous articulation with posterior process of talus. This articulation may be misdiagnosed as a fracture of the posterior process of talus. Despite well known chronic injuries of athletes, acute fracture of the os trigonum is rare. Hyperplantarflexion and invertion of the ankle is the mechanism of...
The impact of intermediate factors on socioeconomic differences and infant mortality in the Gaza Strip
April 2011
Infant mortality is a complex problem with no single solution. Numerous social, economic and intermediate issues play a role, rather than there simply being an issue of health care access or health care quality. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of intermediate factors (consanguineous marriage, mother's age and body mass index) on socioeconomic differences in infant mortality in the Gaza...
Commercial tests for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species compared to standard (NCCLS) broth microdilution
April 2011
It is of value to evaluate the commercial susceptibility methods as possible alternatives to standard one for routine fungal susceptibility testing. So we aimed to compare the NCCLS microdilution method with each of commercial Etest and candifast kit. A total of 30 Candida isolates were included and species identification was confirmed by morphological appearance on Sabouraud's dextrose...
Analgesic activity of bark of Murraya paniculata
April 2011
Murraya paniculata is a common plant widely available in Bangladesh. Different parts of the plant have been used extensively in various traditional formulations in South Asian countries. In order to rationalize the traditional use of the bark of M. paniculata, extract of equal proportions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol was subject to mice, to evaluate its analgesic...
Diagnostic challenges in a case of reccurent hemoptysis
March 2011
Actinomycosis is an uncommon disease in children and most cases are of cervicofacial infections. To date there have been only few case reports on children with thoracic actinomycosis which may mimic malignancy, lymphoma or tuberculosis. Here, we report a 14-year old boy, presented with recurrent hemoptysis and diagnosed as thoracic actinomycosis on the basis of CT and typical histopathological findings. The...
Rapid measurement of B- type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in patients presented to the emergency department with acute shortness of breath
March 2011
The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of a rapid measurement of BNP in diagnosing heart failure in patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea. B- Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a protein secreted from the cardiac ventricles in response to pressure and volume overload. One potential application of measurement of BNP is to distinguish dyspnea of cardiac origin from non cardiac...
Treatment of oral candidiasis (thrush) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
March 2011
Oral candidiasis is a fungal disease caused by Candida albicans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a probiotic often used as dietary supplements and in food preparation. In this study, we explored the treatment modality of S. cerevisiae on oral candidiasis in 15 patients belonging to verum group (n = 10) and placebo group (n = 5). All 10 patients in verum group have recovered from the oral...
Hormonal actions of vitamin D and its role beyond just being a vitamin: A review article
March 2011
Over the last decade there has been considerable evolution of our understanding of vitamin D metabolism and its biological activity. The discovery that most tissues and cells in the body have vitamin D receptors and that several possess the enzymatic machinery to convert the primary circulating form of vitamin D to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has provided new insights into the function of this...
Long-term testicular toxicity caused by doxorubicin treatment during pre-pubertal phase
February 2011
Doxorubicin is a potent drug widely used against different types of cancer and can cause damage to healthy tissues. Some studies have shown that this drug causes apoptosis of male germ cells. However, a detailed and long-term morphological study about the damages caused by doxorubicin administration to early prepubertal testis and to future fertility of the rat is missing. Male rats were treated at 15 days...
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform
February 2011
Novel drugs for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) must be assessed for their interactions with other already approved medications that are processed through similar metabolic pathways. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family, in particular 3A4 isoform, is ubiquitously used to oxidize azole antifungals, erythromycin, and HIV protease inhibitors. Administering multiple medications using cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 (3A4) as a...
Antibiotics sensitivity pattern of staphylococcus aureus from fomites in the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) Nigeria
February 2011
This study determines the possible roles of cross contamination in the hospital environment. Two hundred swabs were obtained from doctors’ stethoscope diaphragm, cell phones of Health Care Workers (HCWS), patients’ bed linen, pillows and door knobs at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, from September 2003 to September 2005 using sterile cotton-tipped applicators....
In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of some synthesized 4-(2-pyridyl)-3-Thiosemicarbazides derivatives
February 2011
In search for potential antitumor drug candidates, a series of thiosemicarbazide derivatives were prepared via 4-(2-pyridyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide with phenyl isothiocyanate, benzoyl isothiocyanate, phenyl isocyanate and 4-pyridyl isothiocyanate. Effects of the synthesized compounds were tested using in vitro growth of a transplantable murine tumor cell line (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) and in vivo-induced...
Palm and Egusi melon oils lower serum and liver lipid profile and improve antioxidant activity in rats fed a high fat diet
February 2011
Many studies have suggested that oils high in saturated fatty acids are responsible for the cholesterol-raising effect of saturated fat. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of palm oil (rich in saturated fatty acid) and egusi melon oil (rich in unsaturated fatty acids) on serum and liver lipids and their antioxidant status. Lipid profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of glutathione...
Evaluation of serum leptin levels in obese local Libyan female subjects at Benghazi- Is cluster analysis a better evaluator method for such a study
January 2011
Obesity related diseases like diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) are very much prevalent in local Libyan population at Benghazi. Leptin is one of the adipocytokines implicated in fuel balance as well as a marker of obesity. Leptin resistance is considered to be one of the risk factors associated with CAD. Therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of leptin resistance in obese...
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