Optimizing community effectiveness of antimalarial drugs in malaria-endemic areas of Africa: Issues, challenges, and proposed actions
March 2016
Malaria remains a disease of public health concern, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This picture is mainly due to low effectiveness of antimalarials at the community level, a scenario caused by different factors related to the availability, quality, and efficacy of antimalarials as well as the degree of the patients’ and providers’ adherence to...
Evaluation of the extracts of Morinda lucida and Tridax procumbens for anti-trypanosomal activity in mice
February 2016
A major problem besetting the chemotherapy of African Trypanosomiasis is parasite resistance to the few available drugs, and a known strategy is to use combination of drugs to overcome parasite drug resistance. An attempt has been made in this study to explore the potential of Tridax procumbens and Morinda lucida individually as single therapy and as combination therapy in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. The effective...
Combination of lauric acid and myristic acid prevents benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms in animal model
February 2016
Benign and uncontrolled growth of prostate gland is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is a common health issue that affects 8% of all men at the age of 40, 60% of men in their 70s, and 90% of those greater than 80 years of age. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of lauric and myristic acid improved BPH in a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced model of BPH in rats. BPH was induced in the...
Biochemical parameters and Histomorphometric cardicac evaluation among Wistar rats treated with chia seed (Salvia hispânica L.): Experimental model
February 2016
The advance of global economy affects developing countries that are facing a major public health problem. The prevalence of obesity triggers a series of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Several studies have suggested that the chia seed (Salvia hispânica L.) may be an alternative to combat NCDs, as it is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). This research is an experimental work in which 24 Wistar rats were...
The effect of surfactant above and below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the mathematical models used to determine the kinetics of drug release from the matrix system
February 2016
The liberation of propranolol HCl from a controlled release matrix, containing the hydrophilic polymer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and the hydrophobic polymer, Eudragit RL 100 (RL 100) as excipients, was studied. The influences of surface active agents on the dissolution rate of the drug were examined. Tablets were made by direct compression methods. The dissolution tests were performed by using the basket...
Medicinal plants used in hepatic dysfunction
February 2016
This study aimed to perform a survey about medicinal plants used in the treatment of the hepatic dysfunction commercialized by healers (salespeople) in the São José Market - Recife/Pernambuco and São Joaquim Street Market in Salvador/Bahia - Brazil. The place to obtain them, preparation methods and used parts of the medicinal plants, knowledge about plants, age and gender of the healers were also...
Antidiabetic activity of Annona crassiflora (Annonaceae)
February 2016
Researches have shown that marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) contains many biologically active phytochemical classes with antidiabetic properties. Therefore, in order to obtain scientific data that contribute to a better insight of the species, integrating both safety and efficacy to the practice of using the plant as medicine, the study of A. crassiflora Mart. leaves was chosen. To evaluate the possible effect of A....
Evaluation of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia Linn for antitumor activity
February 2016
Given the concern about to the high incidence of cancer and low specificity of available antineoplasic drugs, Morinda citrifolia Linn is a tropical plant species with wide distribution, which had its consumption widely spread both because it is a source of nutrients and its phytotherapic properties as well as for its adaptation. The potential of tumor inhibition was done in vivo against Ehrlich Carcinoma and Sarcoma...
Pharmacological evaluation of the aqueous stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense in the relief of pain and fever
February 2016
Bombax buonopozense is used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of pains and feverish conditions. This study was orally carried out to establish the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of an aqueous stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense in experimental animals. The analgesic activity was measured using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and water tail imgmersion tests....
Preclinical assessment of the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ("jangadeira")
January 2016
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl is a plant of the Malvaceae family that is popularly known as white velvet leaf (“jangadeira” and “malva-malva” in Brazil). Species of this family are used in folk medicine as diuretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic agents. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of a crude ethanolic extract of W. periplocifolia. Acute...
Effect of propolis on the reproductive toxicity induced by deltamethrin in male albino rats
January 2016
The author has requested the retraction of this article.
Prophylactic administration of a Propionibacterium acnes-killed preparation increases survival in animals with polymicrobial sepsis via the nitric oxide and TNF-α pathway
January 2016
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a gram-positive anaerobic microorganism present in human skin, and has being widely used in clinical trials as a suitable candidate for therapeutic approach to sepsis. A previous study performed by our research group demonstrated that a P. acne killed preparation had an important immunomodulatory role in severe sepsis. Hence, this study we evaluated the...
Preparation of sertraline-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and the pharmacokinetics studies
January 2016
Sertraline is a worldwide used antidepressant for perinatal depression. However, the secreting of sertraline into milk arose the concerns for the potentially negative effects on breastfed infants. The present study aims to alter the biodistribution of sertraline by loading the drug into chitosan-nanoparticles. Our results demonstrated an effective way to load the water-soluble sertraline into nanoparticles, and keep the...
Susceptibility of Blastocystis hominis to monolaurine (Lauric acid), lactoferine (Lactobacillus acidophillus) and metronidazole: An in vitro and in vivo studies
January 2016
Blastocystis hominis is an unusual enteric protozoan of human and animals. Natural products are not only the basis for traditional or ethnic medicine, but also provides highly successful new regimen for human welfare. Meronidazole constitutes a mainstay and is also traditionally considered first line therapy for treatment of Blastocystosis. However, the therapy is complicated due to different dosages and regimens...
A study on the prescription pattern of drugs in Jazan general hospital, KSA
January 2016
Inappropriate drug prescribing is a global problem affecting the healthcare system. This study was performed to assess the drug prescribing pattern in geriatric, paediatric and obstetrics and gynaecology department. Patient's chances of exposure to poly pharmacy are more, therefore, this study was carried out to find out the rational use of prescribed drugs in Jazan general hospital. A prospective cross sectional...
A review on corrective action and preventive action (CAPA)
January 2016
The primary objective behind corrective action and preventive action (CAPA) in any pharmaceutical or medical device industry is to determine the weakness, deviation or failures and to carry out its investigation with appropriate actions so that such problems are not repeated again. CAPA is also a method in which preventive measures are taken in the beginning itself so that occurrence of any incidence can be prevented....
Investigating extemporaneous compounding practices in the Polokwane tertiary hospital pharmacies in South Africa - a pilot study
December 2015
Medicine availability is an important aspect of providing good quality healthcare. Some medicines are available in doses that are not suitable for a specific population group such as children or geriatric patients. Manipulation of the existing medication is undertaken instead. Studies on the practices, frequency and extent of extemporaneous compounding have been undertaken in countries such as New Zealand, Australia,...
Efficacy of Tribulus terrestris extract and metformin on fertility indices and oxidative stress of testicular tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats
December 2015
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of Tribulus terrestris on different parameters of oxidative stress and enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant as well as the number, viability and abnormalities of sperm in testis tissues of male rats after induction of diabetes. The animals were divided into six groups; group I (control) was administered vehicle only, group II was treated with metformin (MET) and...
Hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract from whole plant of Lactuca runcinata (DC.) in atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic rats
December 2015
The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract from whole plant of Lactuca runcinata (DC.) in rats fed with atherogenic diet (AD). The acute toxicity study shows that the ethanolic extract are safe up to 2000 mg/kg, thus one tenth of this dose was consider as evaluation dose. Ethanolic extract of Lactuca runcinata was administered in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day to rats fed...
Effect of canagliflozin or metformin on metabolic disorders in obese diabetic rats
December 2015
This study aimed to investigate the effect of canagliflozin (CAN) or metformin (MET) on investigated biochemical parameters in obese diabetic rat model. Obesity induced by melted butter administration and hyperlipidemic rats were subjected to streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg i.p) to develop the diabetic model (D). Animals were grouped as control (C), D none treated and diabetic treated with CAN (10 mg/kg) or MET (100...
An approach to increase adverse drug events reports in Mercosur
December 2015
Risk communication associated with drug use is a critical point in post-marketing surveillance. Therefore, validation of strategies to minimize under-reporting of adverse drug events (ADE) are needed in order to contribute towards good pharmacovigilance practices. The present study aims to validate a multi-faceted educational intervention (MEI) in pharmacovigilance for Mercosur countries and assess its impact on...
Solid phase cytometry applied to sterility tests for injecting 0.9% sodium chloride
December 2015
Sterility tests described in official compendia are carried out by membrane filtration or by direct inoculation into suitable culture media. About 14 days are needed to provide results and release products for sale, so speed is of the essence in rapid microbiological methods. Solid phase cytometry is a fast innovative method for testing the sterility of injectable medications. It is based on the detection of viable...
Synthesis of Cu(II) complex with schiff bases derived from aryl-S-benzyildithiocarbazate: Antimicrobial activity and in silico biological properties evaluations
November 2015
This study reported the synthesis of the new ligands, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate (L1), p-chloro-benzyl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate (L2) and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate (L3). These three schiff base type ligands were respectively obtained by means of the reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde with S-benzyldithiocarbazate, at...
Stabilized rice bran extract: Acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity with in vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity study
November 2015
The toxicity of Egyptian stabilized rice bran extract (RBE) has been evaluated for acute and repeated 28 day oral toxicity with the outcome of genotoxicity. The extract was administered to female white albino rats at 2000 mg kg-1 for acute testing and to male and female rats at concentrations of 1000, 500, and 100 mg kg-1 for 28 days. Mutagenic potential was evaluated. Chromosomal and DNA damage using standard...
Comaparative study of the antidiabetic and biochemical effects of metformin, glibenclamide and repaglinide in alloxan- induced diabetic rats
November 2015
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major global health burden affecting both developed and developing countries. This study examined the antidiabetic effects of metformin (MET), glibenclamide (GLI) and repaglinide (REP) on biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The study will assess the efficacy of these standard drugs in managing the complications arising from diabetes mellitus. Alloxan (130 mg/kg BW)...
Factors influencing generics and fixed dose combinations recommendation by pharmacists for cardiology patients
November 2015
The goal of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and factors influencing generic medicines and fixed dose combination recommended by pharmacists for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The research is an inquiry among pharmacists working in community pharmacies. A questionnaire with 14 questions was distributed among 600 pharmacies and after the revision, 144 answers were proceeded. The questionnaire contains 8...
Gender-related differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in dogs
November 2015
The kinetics of tramadol at 3 mg/kg was studied in twenty four local dogs (twelve males and twelve females), after a single intravenous and subcutaneous dose administration. Three milliliters of blood from the jugular vein were collected before and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 h post administration of tramadol from both groups with the exception of 2 min for subcutaneous group. The...
Evaluation of neuropharmacological, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) in mice
November 2015
Continued research on traditional herbal drugs has become important than ever due to their increasing use and demand as food supplements and nutraceuticals. The standardized extract of Centella asiatia (L.) Urban (Apiaceae), commonly known as Gotu kola, was evaluated for neuropharmacological, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Neuropharmacological activities were performed on specifically design apparatus, whereas...
Assessment of Cassia siamea stem bark extracts toxicity and stability in time of aqueous extract analgesic activity
November 2015
Cassia siamea Lam (Fabaceae), widely used in tropical countries for its nutritional and pharmacological properties, has been toxicologically evaluated. Oral administration of aqueous (CSE4) and ethanol (CSE3) Cassia siamea stem bark extracts did not show mortality up to 3000 mg/kg in albinos Wistar rats. LD 50 of petroleum ether (CSE1) and dichloromethane (CSE2) extracts were estimated at 1300 and 1275 mg/kg...
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacity and reducing potential of polyherbal drug Entoban
October 2015
Antioxidants are used as a persuasive remedial measure against overproduction of reactive oxygen species owing to their capacity to neutralize free radicals by oxidation. Immense interest has been observed in antioxidants of natural origin and their contribution in human health. The current investigation is undertaken to explore antioxidant capacity and reducing potential of Entoban syrup and capsules. In vitro...
Anti-inflammatory effect and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the EtOAc extract from Panzeria alaschanica
October 2015
The aerial parts of Panzeria alaschanica are used to treat pelvic inflammation and chronic pelvic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of P. alaschanica have been well known in folk medicine, which suggest that extracted components from P. alaschanica could potentially treat inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to discover the bioactive compounds of P. alaschanica. To achieve this, ethyl acetate...
Evaluation of drug prescribing practices in private and general hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
October 2015
The study of prescribing pattern is a significant constituent of medical review, which helps in monitoring, evaluating and building required modifications in the prescribing practices to attain a rational and cost effective medical care. The present study determined the trends in drug prescription pattern of clinicians in private and general hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. One thousand two hundred and thirty two...
Medicinal plants used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in some parts of Southwest Nigeria
October 2015
An ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases was carried out in three local government areas (LGA) of Ibadan, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria. Twenty-eight respondents, which comprised traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs), herbalists, herb sellers and the elderly were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Focused group discussion was used to interview the TMPs...
Ginkgo bilobaL.: Phytochemical components and antioxidant activity
October 2015
Curative effects of Ginkgo biloba L. have been recognized for centuries, dating back to traditional Chinese medicine which used crushed leaves to treat several health problems. Although G. biloba L. has several known and investigated activities, the antioxidant activity of its extract (EGb 761) is particularly relevant because reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species are constantly produced in aerobic...
In-vivo antiplasmodial activity of methanol whole plant extracts of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius (DC) Danser in mice
October 2015
Aqueous preparations of the whole plant of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius (DC) Danser growing on Parkia biglobosa tree are used by the nomads in Northern part of Nigeria for managing malaria, and many other ailments example, diabetes, fever, diarrhoea and wounds. To date, there are no efficacy or safety studies carried out to support its ethno-medicinal use in malaria management. This study aims to investigate the...
Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Tanshinone breast filler in mice
October 2015
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Tanshinone breast filler (TBF) against cow mastitis. TBF on bacterial activity in vitro by the method of Oxford cup and the mice were treated by TBF before given the mixed bacterial by intraperitoneal injection in vivo. The effect of TBF against acute inflammation was studied by xylene-induced ear edema and egg...
Camellia sinensis extract inhibits in vitro pancreatic lipase and has preventive effect on obesity in female rat fed a high-fat diet
October 2015
The aim of this study was to evaluate eight plants extract for porcine pancreatic lipase inhibition, characterizing biochemically the extract with high inhibitory activity and its effects on preventing weight gain in female rat fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition was carried out in ρ-nitrophenyl-laurate substrates and a double-reciprocal plot was used for inhibition mechanism...
Antimicrobial properties of the methanol leaf extract of Vernonia glaberrima Welw. Ex O. Hoffm (Asteraceae)
October 2015
The emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes necessitates a continuous search for newer, effective antimicrobial agents. The crude methanol leaf extract of Vernonia glaberrima was screened for its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms including Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcusau reus, Helicobacter pylori,...
Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Holoptelea intrigofolia (Roxb.) planch fruit extract on laboratory animals
September 2015
The methanolic extract of the fruit of Holoptelea intrigofolia (Roxb) Planch was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. The extract at 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight reduced significantly the formation of edema induced by carrageenan. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes...
The role of artemether as a possible drug for treatment Blastocystis hominis infection: In vivo and in vitro studies
September 2015
The study is carried out to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of treatment of artemether against Blastocystis hominis infection. In addition, transmission electron microscopic examination (TEM) and histopathological studies of B. hominis were carried out. The effect of artemether on Blastocystis viability showed reduction in viability 7 and 15% after 1 h in the group treated with 500 and700 µg/ml,...
Toxicity of food colours and additives: A review
September 2015
Majority of consumer goods are required to be presented with good aesthetics in order to improve acceptability in terms of colours and in some instances taste. When related to food, beverages and drug products, additives are usually added to mask un-inviting colours, obscure offensive odours and increase taste. Food additives therefore include colourants, sweeteners, preservatives and anti-caking agents. Admissible...
Larvicidal activity of Dalbergia brasiliensis (Fabaceae - Papilionoideae) on Aedes aegypti
September 2015
Dengue is a viral infectious disease, transmitted by mosquito of the genus Aedes. This work describes the in vivo toxicity analysis of the crude EtOH extract (EEC), hexanic (HF), chlorophormic (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions, of bark and leaves, and isoflavonoids, from Dalbergia brasiliensis, an arboreal species with wide distribution in Brazilian territory. When considering the issue of controlling the vector Aedes...
Do HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy influence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes?
September 2015
The aim of this study was to find out whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and antiretroviral drugs influence multidrug-resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. The study compares MDR-TB treatment outcomes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. It involved patients admitted for treatment of MDR-TB between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2006. From 363 patients selected, 268 (177...
In vitro and in vivo acaricidal efficacy study of amitraz and diazinon against some tick species infesting Camelus dromedarius around Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia
September 2015
Tick infestation is considered to be a major concern as ticks cause widespread distress, act as vectors of disease and affect the economic conditions of livestock-rearing. Although the use of chemicals is still the most effective method of tick control, uncontrolled applications may have accelerated the emergence of tick resistance to several active ingredients available. The present work estimated the efficacy of two...
Nitrite, oxidation and color during shelf life of jerked beef
September 2015
The present study aims to characterize the shelf life time effect on residual levels of nitrite, lipid oxidation and color of commercial jerked beef. Twelve samples from four different manufacturers, were collected in three shelf time slots (0 to 60, 61 to 120 and 121 to 180 days) and their nitrite concentration, lipid oxidation (TBARS) and color parameters (colorimeter and preference by ranking test) were assessed. The...
In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and phytochemical studies of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaf extracts
September 2015
An increasing demand for natural additives has drawn more interest from consumers due to their relatively safe and wide acceptance. The present work examines the potential of different solvent system of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves as a source of natural antioxidant. We also screened for its phytochemical constituents and cytotoxicity toward breast cancer cell. In vitro antioxidant activity of the n-hexane,...
Evaluation of the potential modulator of bacterial resistance, acute toxicity and chemical composition of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.
September 2015
In Brazil’s semi arid region, Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is used in traditional medicine, but little is known about its chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties. In this study, the phytochemical and biological potential of the extract of S. brasiliensis (EESb) was evaluated. The main secondary metabolites in EESb were quantified by spectroscopy in the visible region. The minimum...
Simultaneous determination and method validation of ranitidine hydrochloride and itopride hydrochloride by UV-spectrophotometery
September 2015
An UV spectrophotometric method using simultaneous equation was developed for the simultaneous determination of ranitidine and itopride in a binary mixture. In the proposed method, the signals were measured at 315.0 and 258.0 nm corresponding to absorbance maxima of ranitidine and itopride hydrochloric acid (HCl) in double distilled water, respectively. Linearity range was observed in the concentration range of 2 to 20...
Seeking efficacy in L-asparaginase to combat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): A review
August 2015
L-asparaginase, a potential anti-leukemic drug, is used in clinics for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and is obtained from bacterial origin (Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora). The efficacy of L-asparaginase has remained under discussion for bearing many limitations, such as, early clearance from blood plasma and therefore requires multiple administration and various side effects causing...
Comparative study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Commiphora opobalsamum with diclofenac in rodents
August 2015
This study aims to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Commiphora opobalsamum in rodents in comparison with diclofenac, and its ability to enhance the activity of diclofenac in reduced doses. Wister rats or Swiss mice (5 groups/ 6 each) were administered methalonic extract of C. opobalsamum, saline and diclofenac 30 min before the test initiation by i.p. route. The analgesic activities were...
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