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Antimicrobial activity of
the aqueous, methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of
Cissus multistriata
Adegoke, S. A.1*, Opata, O. M.2 and
Olajide, J. E.2
1Department
of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
2Department
of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
detunji_outreach@yahoo.co.uk.
Accepted
26 June, 2007 |
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Antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol and chloroform
leaf extracts of Cissus multistriata were
investigated against 8 bacterial and 2 fungal test
organisms, using the tube dilution and agar ditch diffusion
methods. Aqueous leaf extract had no activity against both
the bacterial and fungal test organisms. Both the methanol
and chloroform leaf extracts inhibited all the test
organisms with chloroform leaf extract showing the highest
zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (diameter
25 mm) and least against Staphylococcus aureus
(diameter 13 mm). The methanol leaf extract was least
inhibitory against Salmonella typhi (diameter 8 mm)
and most inhibitory against S. aureus
(diameter 15 mm). The methanol leaf extract of
C. multistriata
show more antifungal activity compared with chloroform leaf
extract, with Candida albicans being more
susceptible than Aspergillus niger to both
methanol and chloroform leaf extracts. The minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol leaf extract show
least activity against Yersinia enterocolitica
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 100 mg/ml)
and higher activity of MIC at 50 mg/ml against the other
bacterial test organisms. The chloroform leaf extract MIC of
100 mg/ml had least activity against Proteus
mirabilis and P. aeruginosa and MIC of 20
mg/ml most inhibitory against E. coli, Klebsiella
pneumonia and S. typhi. The
antimicrobial activity of the heated extracts persisted
after exposure to various temperatures between 30oC
to 121oC for 15 to 30 min. However, the extract
activity decreased as the temperature increased. The killing
rate of the MBC of chloroform extract on E. coli was
1 cfu/3 min while on S. typhi was 1 cfu/3.8 min.
Key
words:
Cissus multistriata, antimicrobial, extract,
inhibition, susceptible. |
