Full Length Research Paper

Impact of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on root anatomy in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum

Jeff H. Taylor^*, Adrianne Waltenbaugh and Michelle Shields

Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock, PA 16057 U.S.A.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: jeffrey.taylor@sru.edu .

 Tel: +724 738-4955.

Accepted 26 November, 2007

   Abstract

The absorption of water and nutrient ions from the soil solution is among the primary roles of roots.  To reach the xylem for axial transport, the water and minerals must circumvent the exodermis and (or) endodermis, both of which act as barriers to radial apoplastic diffusion. To do this, the water and minerals must enter the symplast of cells located outside of the outermost apoplastic barrier. Mycorrhiza are known to impact root anatomy and ion uptake, but their effect on those cells where symplastic entry must occur is not known. To examine their impact, the surface area of those living cells apoplastically exposed to the soil solution in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum was examined.  For each species, plants inoculated with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and uninoculated plants were examined. The average cell size and number of cells located outside the endodermis (L. esculentum) or exodermis (Z. mays) was assessed by microscopic observation and the appropriate calculations were performed. The absorptive surface area of L. esculentum was not significantly different between inoculated (161 cm²/cm root length) and uninoculated (163 cm²/ cm root length) plants. However, there was a statistically significant difference between Z. mays inoculated (average 37 cm² /cm root length) and uninoculated (average 11 cm²/cm root length). How this may impact ion uptake pathways is discussed.

Key words: Mycorrhiza, Lycopersicon esculentum, Zea mays, ion uptake potential.