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Essential oils of
Citrus aurantifolia from Cameroon and their antifungal
activity against Phaeoramularia angolensis
P. M. Jazet Dongmo1,2, L. N. Tatsadjieu3*,
E. Tchinda Sonwa1 , J. Kuate4,
P. H. Amvam Zollo1 and C. Menut5
1ENSAI,
P. O. Box 455, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
2Faculty
of Science, P. O. Box 24157, University of Douala, Douala,
Cameroon.
3
IUT, P. O. Box 455, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere,
Cameroon.
5IBMM-UMR 5247, ENSCM 8, Rue de l' Ecole normale , 34296,
Montpellier,
cedex 5.
Accepted 30 March, 2009 |
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Essential oils of three varieties of Citrus aurantifolia
(Bearss, Mexican and “Sans épines”) grown in
Cameroon were extracted by hydrodistillation with yields of
0.29, 0.57
and 0.25% respectively. The chemical analysis was
carried out by gas chromatography and gas chromatography
coupled with mass spectrometry. The three samples were
found to be very rich in monoterpenes, and limonene was the
major compound with 53.92, 43.53 and 51.98% respectively.
The determination of the antifungal activity was done by the
incorporation technique. The three extracts exerted an
inhibiting action on the radial growth of Phaeoramularia
angolensis which is fungicidal. The MIC obtained is 1.4
mg/ml for C. aurantifolia var. Mexican and 1.5 mg/ml
for Bearss and “Sans épines” varieties. These three
essential oils could constitute an alternative to
chemical fungicides
usually used for Citrus fruit crops. In addition,
the essential oil of the Bears variety was fractionated and
the fractions were tested in order to determine the active
compounds. The most active fractions are rich in neral and
geranial, compounds which could thus be responsible for the
activity of the crude extract.
Key words:
Essential oil, Citrus aurantifolia, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, Phaeoramularia angolensis, antifungal activity. |
