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Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 2 (11),
482-485, November 2007
ISSN 1992-2248
© 2007 Academic Journals
Full Length
Research Paper
The effect of a new
adaptogen, Garcinia kola seed, on the bioavailability of
ofloxacin in humans
Charles O. Esimone1, Chukwuemeka S.
Nworu2*, Michael U. Adikwu1, Damian C. Odimegwu4,
Christopher O. Ezugwu3
1Department of
Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
2 Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
3 Department of
Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
4Department of
Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of
Portharcourt, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
csnworu@yahoo.com, +234 (0)
8033501106.
Accepted 21 September, 2007
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Garcinia kola seed
is a commonly used social masticatory agent in Africa and is
believed to possess many useful medicinal properties. The effect of the
seed of G. kola Heckel on the salivary pharmacokinetics of
ofloxacin was studied in healthy human volunteers. In a 2-way crossover
design, ten healthy human volunteer received oral dose of 200 mg
ofloxacin and saliva samples were collected and analyzed (previous
studies have established good correlation between the saliva and serum
pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin). After a 2-week washout period, the
volunteers again received 200 mg ofloxacin in addition to G. kola
seeds, and saliva samples were collected and analyzed. The
pharmacokinetic studies showed that ingestion of G. kola altered
ofloxacin pharmacokinetics since it caused significant reductions in Cmax
(6.85 to 5.14 μg/ml), AUC (64.65 to 50.02 μg/h/ml) and Ka
(2.53 to 1.58/h) while there was a significant increase in CLT
(69.29 to 86.35 ml/min). A non-significant reduction and increment was
recorded for T1/2 (1.21 to 0.98 h) and Tmax (1.2
to 1.7 h) respectively. These data show that G. kola impairs the
bioavailability of ofloxacin by a possible chelate formation between
ofloxacin and flavonoid constituents of G. kola seed and by a
reduction in the gastric emptying rate.
Key words: Garcinia
kola seed, ofloxacin bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, humans,
adaptogen.
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