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Review of
pollution sources and controls in Caspian Sea region
N. Jafari
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University
of Mazandaran, Babosar, Iran.
E-mail:
n.jafari@umz.ac.ir.
Accepted 26 December, 2009
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Experts believe that the release of over
one billion cubic meters of industrial, chemical and
household wastewater into the Caspian Sea per annum has
polluted the water, and reduced the level of oxygen
jeopardizing over 400 aquatic species including sturgeons.
Extraction and transportation of oil in the Sea are one of
the pollution sources in the Seawater. Caspian Sea contains
about 100000 million barrels of oil. It also contains over
35000 million cubic meter of flue gas. Daily extractions of
crude oil and gas and transportation of them are the main
pollution sources of the Caspian Sea. Many trucks for
charring oil from ports along the Caspian Sea are considered
as point and nonpoint sources along the seaboard. In
addition, many ships, which are navigating in the Sea, are
emitting pollution to the Sea. Many cities and industries
surround the Caspian Sea. Pollution from these cities and
industries enter the Caspian Sea either directly or through
rivers. The purpose of this paper is to look at the benefits
of environmental management strategies in pollution
prevention such as waste minimization and clean
technologies. This minimizes the environmental problems due
to waste generation and eliminates the cost of treatment and
disposal of the waste. The benefits of the environmental
management program along the Caspian Sea will ensure the
clean water and the better environment of the Sea.
Key words:
Caspian Sea, pollution, oil, waste minimization. |
