Article

High prevalence associated with unsafe injection practices among male injecting drug users in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu State, India

Chandra Pauline Dinakar¹, Roshanara¹  and Gifty Immauel²

¹J. B. A. S. College, University of Madras, India.

²Center for AIDS and Antiviral Research, Tuticorin, India.

*Corresponding author. E -mail: cpauline123@gmail.com

Accepted 12 October 2009

   Introduction

The intertwined epidemics of HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use are among the most emerging public health problems in India. Injecting Drug Usage (IDU) was found to be more prevalent among the ex-prisoners who were visiting the World Vision of India. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among a sub-sample of frequently incarcerated community-based injecting drug users (IDU) in Chennai city, India. 180 injecting drug users were recruited and interviewed using a structured questionnaire regarding their socio-demographics and HIV risk characteristics. Data were analyzed using χ² and multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).  The prevalence of HIV infection was 69.4% among male injecting drug users. In the multivariable analysis, a history of shared drug injection inside prison (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.01-4.3) and that of multiple incarcerations (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.08-8.03); and tattooing (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.80 -3.78) were associated with significantly higher prevalence of HIV infection. This study proved that incarceration-related exposures and tattooing proved to be the main correlates of HIV-1 infection. Urgent and comprehensive HIV prevention programmes and cost effective rehabilitation centres for injecting drug users in and out of prison are of prime importance to prevent further transmission of HIV infection.

Key words: HIV, injecting drug users (IDUs), intravenous drug use (IvDU), incarceration or detention in prison.