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Application
of ultrasonic waves coupled with functional link neural
network for estimation of carrageenan concentration
Duduku
Krishnaiah*, D. M. Reddy Prasad, Awang Bono and Rosalam
Sarbatly
School of Engineering and Information Technology, University
Malaysia Sabah, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
krishna@ums.edu.my.
Tel: +60-88-320000 x 3059. Fax: +60-88-320348.
Accepted 23 April, 2008 |
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In this paper, a simple functional link neural network (FLNN)
model is developed for the quantification of polysaccharides
using ultrasonic waves. Every material has its own intensity
to absorb the sound waves. The sound absorption capability
of Carrageenan is based on its concentration in the
solution. The sound pressure leave obtained from the one
third octave band frequency spectrum is given as input to
the FLNN and the carrageenan concentration is estimated as
output. Two simple modifications in the architectures of
FLNN are newly proposed and its performances are compared
with the conventional FLNN method. In the first
architecture, a hidden layer is newly introduced in a FLNN
and trained by Error Back Propagation (EBP) procedure. In
the second architecture, the Functional Link concept is
extended to the neuron in the hidden layer and the network
is trained by EBP procedure. The proposed procedure has
minimized the training time as well as the number of
failures.
Key words:
Ultra sonic waves, carrageenan concentration, frequency
spectrum, Functional Link Neural Networks. |
