|
Anti-Inflammatory molecular mechanisms of Bo-Ye-Niu-Pi-Xiao
(Cynanchum taiwanianum Yamazaki)
Houi Lee1, Tzuching Wang2*,
Tachen Lin3, Jiahsin Guo1, Chiching
Yang1 and Yingpei Shen2,4
1Department
of Food Science and Technology, National Pingtung University
of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
2Department
of Food and Beverage Management, Tzuhui Institute of
Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, ROC.
3Department
of Tourism and Leisure Management, Fortune Institute of
Technology, Kaohsiung City 83160, Taiwan, ROC.
4Ph.D
Program in Management of Dayeh University, Changhua 51591,
Taiwan, ROC.
*Corresponding author.
E-mail: tcw0511@gmail.com. Tel: +886-8-8647367 x 333. Fax:
+886-8-8647123.
Abbreviations: COX-2,
Cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide
synthase; CTEE, Cynanchum taiwanianum Yamazaki
rhizome ethanolic extract; IκBα, I kappa B-alpha;
p-IκBα, phospho-IκBαl; NF-κB, nuclear factor
kappa B; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; NO,
nitric oxide; PGE2, prostaglandin E2.
Accepted 9 November, 2011 |
|
Bo-Ye-Niu-Pi-Xiao,
Cynanchum taiwanianum
Yamazaki (family: Asclepiadaceae) is a well-known and
popular herb; its rhizome has been used as a folk medicine
in Taiwan. Many therapeutic effects of C. taiwanianum
Yamaz. had been studied; however, there is still no
anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of C. taiwanianum
Yamaz. reported. Besides, it is well-known that the
phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha (IκBα) to phospho-IκBα
(p-IκBα) is a decisive step in the nuclear factor kappa B
(NF-κB) activation pathway. In addition, the induction of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS) by cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is well
known to be partly mediated by NF-κB. Hence, the objective
of this study
was
to evaluate the activity and distinguish the mechanism of
anti-inflammation of
C. taiwanianum
Yamaz. rhizome on rat kidney cell line
NRK-52E induced by IL-1β. In the present study, we
investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and potential
mechanism of C. taiwanianum Yamaz. rhizome ethanolic
extract (CTEE) in IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells. Production of
nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger ribonucleic
acid (mRNA) and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2,
phosphorylation of IκBα, and activation of NF-κB was
executed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
and Western blotting. Results show that the CTEE
significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited NO and PGE2
production and also significantly (P < 0.05)
attenuated protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 in
IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells without obvious cytotoxic
effects. Furthermore, the CTEE suppressed the NF-κB nuclear
translocation, in terms of inhibition of IκBα
phosphorylation. The results provided evidence for its
folkloric uses and suggest that the anti-inflammatory
activities of CTEE may result from the inhibition of
inflammatory mediators, such as NO and PGE2 and
an upstream suppression of NF-κB-dependent mechanism might
be involved.
Key words:
Cynanchum taiwanianum Yamazaki, anti-inflammatory,
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS). |
