Full Length Research Paper

Alleviating acid soil stress in cowpea with a local population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Ayut Kongpun¹*, Bernard Dell² and Benjavan Rerkasem¹

¹Division of Agronomy, Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

²Sustainable Ecosystems Research Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: ayutkongpun@yahoo.com. Tel: 66897579334. Fax: 66 53 210000.

Abbreviations: P, Phosphorus; AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; YFEL, youngest full expanded leaves; LSD, least significant difference; P1, P2 and P3, applying phosphorus 50, 104 and 141 mg P pot^-1, respectively; AM+, inoculating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; AM0, un-inoculated treatment; DW, dry weight; N, nitrogen.

Accepted 13 July, 2011

   Abstract

In Huai Teecha village in Northern Thailand, local cowpeas were grown on acidic low phosphorus soil without stress symptoms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from this system have been found to promote growth of many crops but there is no information about their benefit in cowpea. In a field experiment, three improved cowpea lines (ITD - 1131, Ubon Ratchathani and IT90K – 227 - 2) and a local line (Teecha 1) were grown in 3 farmer’s fields on acid low P soils. Roots of the cowpea lines were all heavily colonized by the fungi and their leaf P was within the sufficient range. In a pot experiment, the cowpea line Ubon Ratchathani was grown in acidic and non acidic (pH 5 and 6.7, respectively) soil with three rates of phosphorus (50, 104 and 141 mg phosphorus pot^-1) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. Total dry weight of inoculated cowpea was not affected by soil acidity while it was depressed in un-inoculated plants. The fungi increased total dry weight at 50 and 104 mg phosphorus ha^-1 but had no effect at 141 mg phosphorus pot^-1. Therefore, the fungi had been shown to enhance P uptake by cowpea roots, which resulted in direct benefit to cowpea growth in acidic low P soil.

Key words: Mycorrhiza, cowpea, acid soil.