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Safety evaluation of
polyphenol-rich extract from bamboo shavings
Jinyan Gong, Xiaoqin Wu, Baiyi Lu and Ying Zhang*
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of
Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
*Corresponding author.
E-mail:
yzhang@zju.edu.cn.
Tel: Fax: +86 571 8604 9803.
Abbreviations: 2-AF, 2-Aminofluorene; ALT, aminine
aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BLC,
basophil leukocyte count; BUN, blood urea nitrogen;
CPA, cyclophosphamide; CRE, creatinine;
DAD, diode array
detector;
1,8-DAA, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone;
EBS,
extract of bamboo shaving; EEBS, ethanol extract of bamboo shavings; ELC,
eosinophil
leukocyte count; GLP, Good Laboratory
Practice; Glu, glucose; HGB, hemoglobin;
ICR-191,
acridine mutagen;
LLC, lymph
leukocyte count; MLC, mononuclear leukocyte count; MMS,
methyl methanesulphonate; MN, frequencies of micronucleus;
MTD, maximum tolerated dose; MNRETs, Micronuclei peripheral
reticulocytes; NCE, normal chromatic erythrocytes; NLC,
neutrophil leucocyte count;
NOAEL,
no-observed-adverse-effect level;
PA,
phenolic acids; PCE, polychromatic erythrocytes; P-NQ, P-nitroquinoline;
RBC, red blood cell count; SFE, supercritical fluid
extraction technique; TC, total cholesterol; TF, total
flavonoids; TP, total protein; TG, triglycerides;
WBC, white
blood cell count.
Accepted 10
September, 2009 |
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In this paper, a number of acute and subchronic
toxicological tests were documented to evaluate the safety
of a polyphenol-rich ethanol extract of bamboo shavings (EEBS).
(i)
Acute toxicity test:
The oral maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of EEBS was above 20 g/kg
body weight for mice,
thus the amount can be seen as practically non-toxic. (ii)
Mutagenicity test:
No mutagenicity was detected according to the
negative experimental results of Ames test, micronucleus
test on bone marrow cell in mice and abnormality test on
mice sperms. (iii)
30 days feeding study: There were no treatment-related toxic
effects when EEBS were
at levels of
2.50, 5.00, or 10.00 g/kg/day and no adverse effects of EEBS
had been observed in these studies. The
no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)
of the extract was 10.00 g/kg/day during the 30 days.
In addition, no significant distinctions were observed in
hematology values, clinical chemistry values and organ/body
weight ratio (P
> 0.05). In conclusion, EEBS is safe and the
results support the use of EEBS for various foods.
Key words:
Ethanol extract of bamboo shavings (EEBS), safety
evaluation, polyphenols, toxicology. |
