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Estimation of suspended
sediment concentration by acoustic equations for soil
sediment
Ramazan Meral1*,
Andy Smerdon2, Hasan Merdun3 and Ali
Rıza Demirkıran4
1Bingol
University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of
Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Bingol, 12000,
Turkey.
2Aquatec
Group Limited, Hartley Wintney Hampshire, RG27 8NY, UK.
3Kahramanmaras
Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of
Agricultural Engineering, Kahramanmaras, 46060, Turkey.
4Kahramanmaras
Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of
Soil Science,
Kahramanmaras, 46060, Turkey.
*Corresponding author.
E-mail:
rmeral69@hotmail.com
Tel: 90 5317909280.
Accepted 25 August, 2009 |
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The
acoustic backscattering systems, ABS, for sediment
measurement are based on the
determining
of the backscattering and attenuation properties of the
particles in suspension. The relevant acoustic quantities
are the form function, f, which describes the
backscattering characteristics, and the normalized total
scattering cross-section, χ, which describes the attenuating
characteristics of the particles in suspension. Formulations
are required for these parameters of suspension sediment
particles with size and acoustic frequency.
Several studies have been
conducted to determine the concentration of sediments such
as glass spheres or sand. However, the acoustic properties
of natural sediments vary and depend on many parameters such
as particle size, shape, mineralogy and distribution of
those parameters in sample. Therefore, this study
was conducted to determine the possibility of soil sediment
concentration with the f and χ equations, which were
obtained for glass spheres and sandy sediments under
laboratory and river conditions. The results show that the
acoustic method, especially with glass scattering equation,
works fairly well to calculate soil sediment for low
concentration range at laboratory and river conditions.
Key
words:
Suspended sediment, acoustic, backscattering, attenuation,
erosion, river. |
