Full Length Research Paper

Genetic variability in yam cultivars from the Guinea-Sudan zone of Benin assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA

A. Zannou^1,2,3*, E. Agbicodo⁴, J. Zoundjihékpon⁵, P. C. Struik³, A. Ahanchédé¹, D. K. Kossou¹ and A. Sanni⁴

¹Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin.

²Technology and Agrarian Development Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

³Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

⁴Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin.

⁵Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey – Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: afiozannou@yahoo.com. Tel: +229.97.44.92.55.

Abbreviations: AMOVA, analysis of molecular variance; C, centre; CTAB, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; NE, North East; NW, North West; UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages.

Accepted 6 November, 2008

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important food and cash crop in the Guinea-Sudan zone of Benin. The genetic diversity of about 70 cultivars of Dioscorea cayenensis/Dioscorea rotundata (Guinea yam) and about 20 cultivars of Dioscorea alata (water yam) was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The amplified bands revealed high polymorphism. These polymorphic DNA fragments were used to construct dendrograms, clustering all accessions into 18 groups: 12 for D. cayenensis/D. rotundata and six for D. alata. The analysis of molecular variance revealed highly significant variation among species, among groups within species, and among cultivars within groups. The study showed that the genetic diversity changed along a spatial gradient. In general, there was a tendency that most of the varieties from the north-east and north-west of the zone investigated appeared to be distinctive from the ones of the centre. However, few varieties were distributed randomly and did not reflect any specific relation to their zone of collection. The current study suggests that the Guinea-Sudan zone of Benin has a large gene pool of yam varieties. Yam farmers may have played a significant role in the enrichment and the maintenance of the genetic diversity of yam.

Key words: Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea cayenensis/D. rotundata, farmers’ varieties, gene pool, genetic diversity, RAPD.