|
Prevalence of multiple
antibiotic resistant bacteria and chromosomal determinants
in surface water of Bangladesh
Hasan M. Zahid1*, Zinat Mahal2,
and Mamun R. Chowdhury2
1Tissue
Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy
Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission,
G.P.O. Box No.-3787, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
2Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka,
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding author.
E-mail:
zahid_bmb@yahoo.com. Tel: +88 02 7701679. Fax: +88 02
8613051.
Accepted
3 October, 2008 |
|
A total of 210 different bacteria were isolated from water
samples collected in different surveillance sites in
Bangladesh between May and July 2004. Of these, 147 isolates
were analyzed and 103 were identified by different
biochemical tests as well as stereotyped with specific
antiserum. Sixty five percent of these isolates were
identified as Escherichia coli which were resistant
to multiple drugs including tetracycline, nalidixic acid,
kanamycin, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim.
The remaining thirty five percent of the isolates were
Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas,
Staphylococcus and Klebsiella. Most of the V.
cholerae were nalidixic acid, streptomycin and
sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistant. Almost 90% of
nalidixic acid resistant V. cholera were stereotyped
as non O1. The remaining 10% were O1 and O139. All bacteria
were used to isolate plasmid DNA to compare plasmid
patterns. The plasmid contents of representative drug
resistant strains were analyzed by electroporation to
determine the location of antibiotic resistant gene whether
it was chromosomal or extrachromosomal. The results of these
experiments suggested that Bangladeshi environmental water
including rivers, lakes and ponds contained a large number
of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and almost all
antibiotic resistant determinants were located in the
chromosome instead of plasmid.
Key
words:
Antibiotic resistant bacteria, chromosomal determinants,
surface water. |
