Full Length Research Paper

Genetic enhancement of pigeonpea for high latitude areas in southern Africa

Gwata, E. T.¹* and Siambi, M.²

¹The University of Venda, Department of Plant Production, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou – 0950, South Africa.

²International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O. Box 1096, Lilongwe, Malawi.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: ectgwata@yahoo.com.

Accepted 8 May, 2009

   Abstract

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is becoming increasingly important in small-holder farming systems in southern Africa. Abiotic factors such as sensitivity to photoperiod and terminal drought frequently reduce yields in the region. Sensitivity to photoperiod results in delayed flowering and maturity which in turn leads to increased susceptibility to terminal drought stress, low winter temperatures, frost as well as interference from free-ranging domestic livestock. The objective of this study was to develop enhanced early maturing pigeonpea types that are suitable for production in the cropping systems prevalent in southern Africa. Segregating populations (through F₉) were developed from crossing combinations between five parental genotypes possessing marked differences in the genetic control of period to flowering and maturity as well as good agronomic and end-use characters. Using morphological markers and agronomic performance indicators, six elite cultivars with enhanced duration to flowering (97 d), maturity (161 d) and high yield potential (3.0 t/ha) were identified following field evaluation for two consecutive seasons at a representative testing location in the prospective production region. The seed of this elite germplasm was disseminated to growers in order to facilitate adoption and to increase the flexibility of pigeonpea production in the region.

Key words: Elite germplasm, genetic enhancement, high latitude, pigeonpea.