|
Autotoxicity
of chard and its allelopathic potentiality on germination
and some metabolic activities associated with growth of
wheat seedlings
M. M.
Hegab*, S.E.A. Khodary,
Ola Hammouda and
H.R. Ghareib
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Sueif
University, Salah Salm Street, Beni-Sueif, Egypt.
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
momtazyehya@yahoo.co.uk.
Abbreviation:
(W+C),
Wheat
germinated with chard; (C+W), chard germinated with wheat.
Accepted 18 January, 2008 |
|
In this study, the allelopathic effect of aqueous whole
mature chard plant extract (Beta vulgaris L. var.
Cicla) on wheat (Triticum vulgare L. var. Sides 1)
and an associated weed (chard) was investigated.
Plants used were sampled in 2006, and then plant extracts
were obtained after they were ground and processed with
distilled water.
Twenty five of wheat grains and the same number of chard
seeds of uniform size and weight were placed in a mixture on
sterile filter paper in 15 cm Petri-dishes. Treated
Petri-dishes were each supplied with 20 ml extract of
0.25,1, 4, 8, and 12% (w/v) while untreated control was
supplied with 20 ml of distilled water. After 10 days the
germination percentage, vigour value, seedling growth
criteria and some physiological processes were counted. The
aqueous extract retarded the germination of chard more
effectively than that of wheat and the effect was
concentration dependent. The lowest concentration stimulated
the germination of both wheat and chard; on the other hand,
the germination was retarded under the application of
concentrations above 1%. However, 1% concentration had a
positive effect on wheat and negative on chard. HPLC
analyses of the water-soluble extract of whole chard plant
residue revealed the presence of eight phenolic aglycones
that show the abundant of chichimec acid, (+) camphor,
hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids as well
as trace amounts of coumarin and
protocatechuic acids.
This extract may be used as a bioherbicide to control the
germination and growth of itself (autotoxicity).
Key words:
Allelopathy; Beta vulgaris var. Cicla, weed control,
Triticum vulgar L. sides, HPLC, bioherbicides,
autotoxicity. |
